Prise de décision dans l’autisme : une revue narrative

Titre original en anglais : Decision-making in autism: A narrative review

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

À propos de la mention auteur·ice autiste

van der Plas, E., Mason, D., & Happé, F. (2023). Decision-making in autism: A narrative review. Autism, 27(6), 1532-1546. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221148010

Date de publication: 16/02/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 18/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)

Résumé

Les personnes autistes présentent souvent un profil de capacités atypique : bien qu’elles excellent dans certains paradigmes structurés, beaucoup rapportent des difficultés à prendre des décisions dans la vie réelle. Afin de déterminer si la prise de décision dans l’autisme diffère de celle des témoins au développement typique, nous avons examiné 104 études ayant comparé les performances de prise de décision entre des participants autistes et des participants de comparaison (N = 2712 participants autistes et N = 3189 participants de comparaison) entre 1998 et 2022. Nos recherches ont révélé quatre principaux paradigmes de prise de décision largement utilisés dans le domaine des neurosciences de la décision : la discrimination perceptive, l’apprentissage par récompense, la métacognition et le paradigme de prise de décision fondée sur la valeur. Notre synthèse souligne que le traitement perceptif et l’apprentissage par récompense étaient similaires chez les participants autistes et les participants de comparaison, tandis que la prise de décision fondée sur la valeur et l’exactitude métacognitive différaient souvent entre les groupes. En outre, les différences de prise de décision étaient les plus marquées lorsque le participant autiste était explicitement interrogé afin de rapporter une croyance interne, alors que les marqueurs implicites de la même décision (par exemple, les temps de réponse liés aux erreurs) ne différaient généralement pas. Nos résultats fournissent des preuves en faveur d’une explication métacognitive des atypies de la prise de décision dans l’autisme. Résumé grand public De nombreuses personnes autistes rapportent des difficultés de prise de décision dans la vie réelle. Toutefois, lors de tests de prise de décision dans des expériences de laboratoire, les personnes autistes obtiennent souvent des performances aussi bonnes, voire meilleures, que les personnes non autistes. Nous examinons des études précédemment publiées sur la prise de décision chez les personnes autistes, dans différents types de tests, afin de comprendre quel type de prise de décision est le plus difficile. Pour ce faire, nous avons recherché dans quatre bases de données d’articles de recherche. Nous avons trouvé 104 études qui ont testé, au total, 2712 participants autistes et 3189 participants de comparaison dans différentes tâches de prise de décision. Nous avons constaté que quatre catégories de tests de prise de décision étaient utilisées dans ces expériences : perceptifs (par exemple, décider quelle image comporte le plus de points) ; apprentissage par récompense (par exemple, apprendre quel paquet de cartes procure la meilleure récompense) ; métacognition (par exemple, savoir dans quelle mesure vous réussissez ou ce que vous voulez) ; et fondés sur la valeur (par exemple, prendre une décision à partir d’un choix entre deux résultats dont la valeur diffère pour vous). Dans l’ensemble, ces études suggèrent que les participants autistes et les participants de comparaison tendent à obtenir des performances similaires pour les décisions perceptives et les décisions d’apprentissage par récompense. Toutefois, les participants autistes avaient tendance à décider différemment des participants de comparaison dans les paradigmes de métacognition et fondés sur la valeur. Cela suggère que les personnes autistes pourraient différer des témoins au développement typique dans la manière dont elles évaluent leurs propres performances et dans la manière dont elles prennent des décisions fondées sur la mise en balance de la valeur subjective de deux options différentes. Nous suggérons que cela reflète des différences plus générales de métacognition, c’est-à-dire de réflexion sur la pensée, dans l’autisme.

Autistic people often have an atypical profile of abilities: while excelling in some structured paradigms, many report difficulties with making real-life decisions. To test whether decision-making in autism is different from in typically developing controls, we reviewed 104 studies that compared decision-making performance between autistic and comparison participants (N = 2712 autistic and N = 3189 comparison participants) between 1998 and 2022. Our searches revealed four main decision-making paradigms that are widely used in the field of decision neuroscience: perceptual discrimination, reward learning, metacognition and value-based decision-making paradigm. Our synthesis highlights that perceptual processing and reward learning were similar between autistic and comparison participants, whereas value-based decision-making and metacognitive accuracy were often different between groups. Furthermore, decision-making differences were most pronounced when the autistic participant was explicitly probed to report on an internal belief, while implicit markers of the same decision (e.g. error-related response times) were usually not different. Our findings provide evidence in favour of a metacognitive explanation of decision-making atypicalities in autism. Lay summary Many autistic people report difficulties with real-life decision-making. However, when doing decision-making tests in laboratory experiments, autistic people often perform as well or better than non-autistic people. We review previously published studies on autistic people’s decision-making, across different types of tests, to understand what type of decision-making is more challenging. To do this, we searched four databases of research papers. We found 104 studies that tested, in total, 2712 autistic and 3189 comparison participants on different decision-making tasks. We found that there were four categories of decision-making tests that were used in these experiments: perceptual (e.g. deciding which image has the most dots); reward learning (e.g. learning which deck of cards gives the best reward); metacognition (e.g. knowing how well you perform or what you want); and value-based (e.g. making a decision based on a choice between two outcomes that differ in value to you). Overall, these studies suggest that autistic and comparison participants tend to perform similarly well at perceptual and reward-learning decisions. However, autistic participants tended to decide differently from comparison participants on metacognition and value-based paradigms. This suggests that autistic people might differ from typically developing controls in how they evaluate their own performance and in how they make decisions based on weighing up the subjective value of two different options. We suggest these reflect more general differences in metacognition, thinking about thinking, in autism.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 02/10/2026 08:11.

Références citées
151
Avec un DOI
150
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
1
4 / 151 (2,6 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
0 / 151 (0,0 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
151 / 151 (100,0 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
0
Sans titre structuré
0
Sans identifiant stable
1
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
742
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
742
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
161 / 742 (21,7 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 581 / 742 (78,3 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
5 / 742 (0,7 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 5 / 161 (3,1 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 4 / 623 (0,6 %).
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