« Se sentir constamment rabaissé » : une étude phénoménologique qualitative explorant la sensibilité au rejet chez des adultes autistes

Titre original en anglais : ‘Feeling constantly kicked down’: A qualitative phenomenological study exploring rejection sensitivity in autistic adults

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van Asselt, A., Roke, Y., Begeer, S., & Scheeren, A. (2025). ‘Feeling constantly kicked down’: A qualitative phenomenological study exploring rejection sensitivity in autistic adults. Autism, 29(11), 2703-2714. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613251376893

Date de publication: 02/10/2025 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/08/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Alvin van Asselt *
  2. Yvette Roke
  3. Sander Begeer
  4. Anke Scheeren

Résumé

Les personnes autistes présentent un risque plus élevé de rejet social que leurs pairs non autistes. Sur les réseaux sociaux, des adultes autistes rapportent une sensibilité extrême au rejet social. Cette étude qualitative a exploré les expériences vécues d'une sensibilité accrue au rejet dans cette population. Un échantillonnage raisonné via les réseaux sociaux a été utilisé pour recruter 19 adultes autistes âgés de 21 à 71 ans (11 femmes, 8 hommes) qui ont eux-mêmes rapporté une sensibilité accrue au rejet. Des entretiens semi-structurés en face à face ou en ligne ont été réalisés. Une analyse phénoménologique interprétative a été utilisée pour analyser les données, et une vérification synthétisée par les participants a été menée afin d'assurer l'exactitude des données. Les participants ont décrit leur sensibilité au rejet comme des émotions et des pensées profondément accablantes et épuisantes lorsqu'ils anticipaient ou percevaient le rejet et la critique. Ces réactions pouvaient s'accompagner de tension physique, de douleur et de reviviscences de rejets passés. Leur intensité variait considérablement selon des facteurs contextuels (p. ex., l'humeur de base et le sujet du rejet) et elles étaient fréquemment invalidées. Les facteurs prédisposants identifiés comprenaient des traits autistiques inhérents et des expériences de rejet tout au long de la vie. De nombreuses stratégies ont été employées pour atténuer ces difficultés, y compris la thérapie, avec des succès variables. Les expériences vécues des participants montrent qu'une sensibilité accrue au rejet peut être une expérience invalidante, mais négligée, chez les adultes autistes. Des recherches quantitatives supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour étudier sa prévalence, ses facteurs prédisposants, son impact et les interventions potentielles. Résumé grand public Comprendre la sensibilité au rejet chez les adultes autistes : une étude par entretiens visant à recueillir des éclairages issus des expériences vécues Pourquoi cette étude a-t-elle été menée ? Les personnes autistes sont plus susceptibles de faire face au rejet et à la critique que les personnes non autistes. Le degré de stress causé par ces événements peut dépendre de leur sensibilité au rejet. Les personnes ayant une sensibilité au rejet plus élevée sont plus anxieuses à l'idée d'être rejetées, pensent plus rapidement qu'elles sont rejetées et ont des réactions plus fortes lorsque le rejet survient. Certains adultes autistes sur les réseaux sociaux décrivent leur sensibilité au rejet comme extrême. Cette étude visait à mieux comprendre comment ces adultes autistes vivent leur sensibilité au rejet et comment celle-ci affecte leur vie quotidienne. Qu'ont fait les chercheurs ? Nous avons interrogé 19 adultes autistes, âgés de 21 à 71 ans, qui présentent une forte sensibilité au rejet. Ces entretiens ont été réalisés soit en face à face, soit en ligne. Après avoir analysé les entretiens, nous avons communiqué les résultats aux participants afin de vérifier s'ils correspondaient à leurs expériences. Qu'ont trouvé les chercheurs ? Les participants ont décrit leur sensibilité au rejet comme accablante et épuisante. Lorsqu'ils se sentaient rejetés ou critiqués, ou craignaient que cela se produise à l'avenir, ils éprouvaient de fortes réactions émotionnelles et physiques, telles que des pensées excessives, de la tension et de la douleur. Ils pouvaient également revivre des souvenirs de rejet ou de critique passés à ces moments-là. L'intensité de ces réactions variait selon la situation et était souvent minimisée par autrui, y compris par des professionnels de santé. Les participants estimaient que leur sensibilité au rejet provenait d'une combinaison de leurs traits autistiques et d'expériences de rejet tout au long de la vie. Certains ont essayé une thérapie ou d'autres moyens de faire face à leur sensibilité au rejet, avec des succès mitigés. Que signifient les résultats ? Cette étude montre qu'une forte sensibilité au rejet peut constituer une difficulté sérieuse et souvent négligée pour les adultes autistes. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour mieux la comprendre et les soutenir face à cette expérience.

Autistic individuals are at greater risk of social rejection than non-autistic peers. On social media, adults with autism report an extreme sensitivity to social rejection. This qualitative study explored lived experiences of heightened rejection sensitivity in this population. Purposive sampling through social media was used to recruit 19 autistic adults aged 21–71 (11 women, 8 men) who self-reported heightened rejection sensitivity. Face-to-face or online semi-structured interviews were held. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilized to analyse the data, and synthesized member checking was conducted to ensure data accuracy. Participants described their rejection sensitivity as profoundly overwhelming, exhausting emotions and thoughts when anticipating or perceiving rejection and criticism. These responses could be accompanied by physical tension, pain and reliving past rejections. Its intensity varied greatly depending on contextual factors (e.g. baseline mood and topic of rejection) and was frequently invalidated. Identified predisposing factors included inherent autistic traits and lifelong rejection experiences. Many strategies were employed to alleviate these challenges, including therapy, with varying success. The participants’ lived experiences show that heightened rejection sensitivity can be a debilitating yet overlooked experience in autistic adults. Further quantitative research is needed to study its prevalence, predisposing factors, impact and potential interventions. Lay abstract Understanding rejection sensitivity in autistic adults: An interview study to gather insights from lived experiences Why was this study done? Autistic individuals are more likely to face rejection and criticism than non-autistic individuals. How stressful these events are can depend on their rejection sensitivity. People with higher rejection sensitivity are more anxious about being rejected, are quicker to think that they are being rejected and have stronger reactions when rejection happens. Some autistic adults on social media describe their rejection sensitivity as extreme. This study aimed to better understand how these adults with autism experience their rejection sensitivity and how it affects their daily lives. What did the researchers do? We interviewed 19 adults with autism, aged 21 to 71, who experience high rejection sensitivity. These interviews were done either face-to-face or online. After analysing the interviews, we shared the findings with participants to check if they matched their experiences. What did the researchers find? Participants described their rejection sensitivity as overwhelming and exhausting. When they felt rejected or criticized, or feared this would happen in the future, they experienced strong emotional and physical reactions, such as overthinking, tension and pain. They could also re-experience memories of past rejection or criticism during these moments. The intensity of these responses varied depending on the situation and was often dismissed by others, including healthcare professionals. Participants felt that their rejection sensitivity came from a combination of their autistic traits and lifelong experiences of being rejected. Some tried therapy or other ways to cope with their rejection sensitivity, with mixed success. What do the findings mean? This study shows that high rejection sensitivity can be a serious and often overlooked challenge for autistic adults. More research is needed to understand it better and support them with this experience.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
72
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
6 / 72 (8,3 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
8 / 266 (3,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 8 / 86 (9,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 7 / 245 (2,9 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
86 / 266 (32,3 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 77 / 245 (31,4 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
78 / 86 (90,7 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 78 / 266 (29,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 70 / 77 (90,9 %).
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