« J’essaie de tendre la main, j’essaie de trouver les miens » – Une étude par méthodes mixtes de la solitude et de la détresse liée à la solitude chez les adultes autistes

Titre original en anglais : “I’m trying to reach out, I’m trying to find my people” – A mixed-methods investigation of loneliness and loneliness distress in autistic adults

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Quadt, L., Williams, G., Mulcahy, J., Silva, M., Larsson, D. E. O., Arnold, A., Critchley, H., & Garfinkel, S. N. (2021). “I’m trying to reach out, I’m trying to find my people” – A mixed-methods investigation of loneliness and loneliness distress in autistic adults [Preprint]. Center for Open Science. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7ckeq

Date de publication: 27/10/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/07/2026 Type: Prépublication Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
8
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 8 (12,5 %)
  1. Lisa Quadt
  2. Gemma Williams *
  3. James Mulcahy
  4. Marta Silva
  1. Dennis E O Larsson
  2. Andy Arnold
  3. Hugo Critchley
  4. Sarah N. Garfinkel

Résumé

Les taux de solitude sont considérablement plus élevés chez les personnes autistes que dans la population non autiste. Cette observation réfute le stéréotype persistant selon lequel les personnes autistes ne sont pas motivées à rechercher des relations sociales significatives. Dans cette étude en deux parties utilisant des méthodes mixtes, nous avons cherché à quantifier le niveau de détresse associé à la solitude chez des adultes autistes et non autistes et à obtenir un éclairage qualitatif sur les expériences de solitude des personnes autistes. Dans l’étude A, N=209 participants ont rempli des questionnaires évaluant leur niveau de solitude, la détresse associée, l’anxiété trait, la dépression et la sensibilité sensorielle. Dans l’étude B, neuf adultes autistes ont participé à des conversations dyadiques non structurées de dix minutes sur le thème de la solitude. Nous avons élaboré une compréhension qualitative de l’expérience de la solitude chez les personnes autistes, enrichie par des analyses inductives et déductives. Le groupe autiste a obtenu des scores significativement plus élevés pour toutes les mesures et les deux groupes ont présenté de fortes corrélations entre la solitude et la détresse liée à la solitude. L’effet de la solitude sur l’anxiété était médié par une sensibilité sensorielle accrue dans le groupe autiste. Nos résultats s’opposent à l’hypothèse d’un « déficit de motivation sociale » et nous inscrivons plutôt nos résultats dans le contexte plus large de la « solitude éthique », en concluant que, pour permettre une interaction sociale significative et inclusive, un effort sociétal est nécessaire afin de créer des espaces qui prennent en compte les besoins sensoriels de tous les neurotypes.

Rates of loneliness are substantially higher among autistic individuals compared to the non-autistic population. This observation refutes the persistent stereotype that autistic individuals are not motivated to seek meaningful social relationships. In this two-part, mixed-methods study, we sought to quantify the level of distress associated with loneliness in autistic and non-autistic adults and gain qualitative insight into autistic experiences of loneliness. In Study A, N=209 participants completed questionnaire ratings of their level of loneliness, associated distress, trait anxiety, depression, and sensory sensitivity. In Study B, nine autistic adults took part in ten-minute, unstructured dyadic conversations around the topic of loneliness. We derived a qualitative understanding of autistic individuals’ experience of loneliness, enriched by inductive and deductive analyses. The autistic group scored significantly higher across all measures and both groups displayed strong correlations between loneliness and loneliness distress. The effect of loneliness on anxiety was mediated by increased sensory sensitivity in the autistic group. Our results oppose the ‘social motivation deficit’ hypothesis and we instead frame our findings within the larger context of ‘ethical loneliness’, concluding that to enable meaningful and inclusive social interaction, a societal effort is needed to create spaces that consider the sensory needs of all neurotypes.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
61
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
8 / 61 (13,1 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
8 / 210 (3,8 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 8 / 69 (11,6 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 4 / 186 (2,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
69 / 210 (32,9 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 47 / 186 (25,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
61 / 69 (88,4 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 61 / 210 (29,0 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 43 / 47 (91,5 %).
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