Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States

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Gillespie-Lynch, K., Daou, N., Sanchez-Ruiz, M. J., Kapp, S. K., Obeid, R., Brooks, P. J., Someki, F., Silton, N. R., & Abi‐Habib, R. (2019). Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States. Autism, 23(8), 1993-2006. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318823550

Publication date: 3 Apr 2019 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
9
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 9 (11.1%)
  1. Kristen Gillespie-Lynch
  2. Nidal Daou
  3. Maria-Jose Sanchez-Ruiz
  4. Steven K. Kapp *
  5. Rita Obeid
  1. Patricia J. Brooks
  2. Fumio Someki
  3. Nava R. Silton
  4. Rudy Abi‐Habib

Abstract

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon ( n = 556) and those in the United States ( n = 520). Replicating prior work, stigma was lower in women than men and in the United States relative to Lebanon. Heightened autism knowledge, quality of contact with autistic people, openness to experience, and reduced acceptance of inequality predicted lower stigma. Collectivism was not associated with heightened stigma. Findings highlight the need to address structural inequalities, combat harmful misconceptions, and foster positive contact to combat stigma.

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88
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Cited references with an identified autistic author
6 / 88 (6.8%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
9 / 278 (3.2%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 9 / 51 (17.6%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 6 / 242 (2.5%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
51 / 278 (18.3%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 34 / 242 (14.0%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
42 / 51 (82.4%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 42 / 278 (15.1%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 28 / 34 (82.4%).
2 cited bibliography entries could not be fully enriched from DOI metadata.
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