Thirty Years on from Sinclair: A Scoping Review of Neurodiversity Definitions and Conceptualisations in Empirical Research

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McLennan, H., Aberdein, R., Saggers, B., & Gillett‐Swan, J. (2025). Thirty Years on from Sinclair: A Scoping Review of Neurodiversity Definitions and Conceptualisations in Empirical Research. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-025-00493-2

Publication date: 30 Jan 2025 Added to AutiHub: 4 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Helen McLennan
  2. Rachel Aberdein *
  3. Beth Saggers
  4. Jenna Gillett‐Swan

Abstract

Abstract A review of research is beneficial in contributing to the debate about neurodiversity conceptualisation. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify how neurodiversity has been defined and conceptualised in empirical research. A scoping review of research featuring neurodiversity as a central focus was conducted, accessing 10 databases. Key concepts related to neurodiversity were collated from 46 articles, and a constant comparative analysis was used to generate results. Results position neurodiversity as natural human variation alongside a further seven categories. These results were compared to theoretical work and early principles of neurodiversity, particularly those introduced by Jim Sinclair 30 years ago. While some consensus in the field exists, contrasts and debate remain, particularly regarding the alignment of neurodiversity with disability models.

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Cited references
127
With a DOI
108
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
17
34 / 127 (26.8%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
11 / 127 (8.7%)
References with detected author names
122 / 127 (96.1%)
Without detected author names
5
Without a structured title
10
Without a stable identifier
15
References with raw author names still to review
4
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
313
From DOI or external metadata
312
From validated raw bibliography text
1
Raw names already validated
1
Raw names still to review
8
144 / 313 (46.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 169 / 313 (54.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
54 / 313 (17.3%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 54 / 144 (37.5%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 36 / 276 (13.0%).
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