Advances in supporting development in autistic children and youth

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. The publication reports that autistic people are authors or co-authors, without specifying their number or identifying them by name.

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref BibTeX
Learn more about the sources used

Penner, M., Zwaigenbaum, L., Piroddi, N., Park, S., Minhas, R. S., & Singal, D. (2026). Advances in supporting development in autistic children and youth. BMJ, 393, e086562. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2025-086562

Publication date: 10 Jun 2026 Added to AutiHub: 22 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
6
Autistic authors reported by the publication
Number not specified
  1. Melanie Penner
  2. Lonnie Zwaigenbaum
  3. Nicholas Piroddi *
  1. Saebom Park
  2. Ripudaman Singh Minhas
  3. Deepa Singal

Abstract

Abstract Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with varied trajectories through the lifespan, leading to individualized patterns of strengths and challenges. Longitudinal autism cohort studies show the importance of developmental and adaptive skills starting in the early years, followed by emerging co-occurring conditions, and opportunities for autonomy and community participation when approaching adulthood. Studies of interventions to support developmental outcomes in autistic children have shown benefits; however, adverse events from therapies and outcomes prioritized by autistic people must be incorporated. Programs for autistic children and youth are making some progress by including members of diverse communities, developing and adapting interventions to meet their needs. Most importantly, autistic people have highlighted the many contributors to a ‘good life’, prominent among which are acceptance and meaningful inclusion. This review summarizes the latest evidence about developmental trajectories and outcomes among autistic children and youth, and how this translates into clinical practice and policy.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 02:39.

Cited references
112
With a DOI
103
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
9
15 / 112 (13.4%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
9 / 112 (8.0%)
References with detected author names
103 / 112 (92.0%)
Without detected author names
9
Without a structured title
9
Without a stable identifier
9
References with raw author names still to review
8
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
743
From DOI or external metadata
743
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
8
341 / 743 (45.9%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 402 / 743 (54.1%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
39 / 743 (5.2%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 39 / 341 (11.4%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 34 / 585 (5.8%).
  1. Catherine Lord , Somer Bishop , Deborah Anderson (2015). Developmental trajectories as autism phenotypes . American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics, 169(2), 198-208. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31440 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1520983519
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. Nancy Cheak‐Zamora , Michelle Teti , Jennifer First (2015). ‘Transitions are Scary for our Kids, and They're Scary for us’: Family Member and Youth Perspectives on the Challenges of Transitioning to Adulthood with Autism . Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(6), 548-560. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jar.12150 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1973951941
    Crossref OpenAlex
  3. Christine Fountain , Alix S. Winter , Keely Cheslack-Postava , Peter S. Bearman (2023). Developmental Trajectories of Autism . Pediatrics, 152(3). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-058674 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4386116680
    Crossref OpenAlex
  4. Patrick F. Bolton , Jean Golding , Alan Emond , Colin D. Steer (2012). Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autistic Traits in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children: Precursors and Early Signs . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(3), 249-260.e25. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.12.009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1987493092
    Crossref OpenAlex
  6. Patricia Howlin , Susan Goode , Jane Hutton , Michael Rutter (2004). Adult outcome for children with autism . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(2), 212-229. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2046265374
    Crossref OpenAlex
  7. Jinan Zeidan , Éric Fombonne , Julie Scorah , Alaa T. Ibrahim , Maureen S. Durkin , Shekhar Saxena et al. (2022). Global prevalence of autism: A systematic review update . Autism Research, 15(5), 778-790. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2696 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4214849391
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. Catherine Lord , Susan Risi , Pamela S. DiLavore , Cory Shulman , Audrey Thurm , Andrew Pickles (2006). Autism From 2 to 9 Years of Age . Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(6), 694. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.694 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2090495936
    Crossref OpenAlex
  9. Kelly A. Shaw , Susan Williams , Mary E. Patrick , Miguel Valencia-Prado , Maureen S. Durkin , Ellen M. Howerton et al. (2025). Prevalence and early identification of autism Spectrum disorder among children aged 4 and 8 years — autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 16 sites, United States, 2022 . MMWR Surveill. Summ., 74(2), 1. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.ss7402a1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4409458169
    Crossref OpenAlex
  10. Eva Billstedt , Carina Gillberg , Christopher Gillberg (2005). Autism after Adolescence: Population-based 13- to 22-year Follow-up Study of 120 Individuals with Autism Diagnosed in Childhood . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 351-360. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-3302-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2094623935
    Crossref OpenAlex
  11. Catherine Lord , Tony Charman , Alexandra Havdahl , Paul Carbone , Evdokia Anagnostou , Brian Boyd et al. (2022). The Lancet Commission on the future of care and clinical research in autism . The Lancet, 399(10321), 271-334. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01541-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4200099564
    Crossref OpenAlex
  13. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Margaret Cassidy , Kacie Dunham-Carr , Jacob I Feldman et al. (2020). Project AIM: Autism intervention meta-analysis for studies of young children. Psychol Bull, 146(1), 1. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/bul0000215 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2990306783
    Crossref OpenAlex
  14. Gillian Baird , Emily Simonoff , Andrew Pickles , Susie Chandler , Tom Loucas , David Meldrum et al. (2006). Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP) . The Lancet, 368(9531), 210-215. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69041-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2151524361
    Crossref OpenAlex
  15. Stephen J. Gentles , Elise C Ng-Cordell , Michelle C Hunsche , Alana J. McVey , E Dimitra Bednar , Michael G DeGroote et al. (2024). Trajectory research in children with an autism diagnosis: A scoping review . Autism, 28(3), 540-564. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613231170280 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4376871022
    Crossref OpenAlex
  16. Peter Rosenbaum , J. W. Gorter (2012). The ‘F‐words’ in childhood disability: I swear this is how we should think! Child: Care, Health and Development, 38(4), 457-463. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01338.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2157048725
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Dawn Adams , Nicole Dargue , Jessica Paynter (2023). Longitudinal studies of challenging behaviours in autistic children and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Clinical Psychology Review, 104, 102320. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102320 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4384938213
    Crossref OpenAlex
  18. Emily Simonoff , Andrew Pickles , Tony Charman , Susie Chandler , Tom Loucas , Gillian Baird (2008). Psychiatric Disorders in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Associated Factors in a Population-Derived Sample . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47(8), 921-929. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2158063953
    Crossref OpenAlex
  19. Maira Tafolla , Catherine Lord (2024). Longitudinal Analyses of Mental Health in Autistic Individuals: A Systematic Review . Brain Sciences, 14(10), 1033. MDPI AG.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14101033 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4403515754
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. Tatja Hirvikoski , Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz , Marcus Boman , Henrik Larsson , Paul Lichtenstein , Sven Bölte (2016). Premature mortality in autism spectrum disorder . British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(3), 232-238. Royal College of Psychiatrists.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.160192 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2168424072
    Crossref OpenAlex
  21. Rocio Rosello , Jose Martinez-Raga , Alvaro Mira , Braulio Girela , Samuele Cortese (2021). Developmental outcomes in adolescence of children with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability: A systematic review of prospective studies . Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 126, 590-603. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.04.010 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3154956924
    Crossref OpenAlex
  22. Afiqah Yusuf , Mayada Elsabbagh (2015). At the cross-roads of participatory research and biomarker discovery in autism: the need for empirical data . BMC Medical Ethics, 16(1), 88. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12910-015-0082-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2208511062
    Crossref OpenAlex
  23. Richard Pender , Pasco Fearon , Jon Heron , Will Mandy (2020). The longitudinal heterogeneity of autistic traits: A systematic review . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 79, 101671. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2020.101671 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3093579293
    Crossref OpenAlex
  24. Gary B. Mesibov , Victoria Shea , Eric Schopler , Lynn Adams , Elif Merkler , Sloane Burgess et al. (2004). The Teacch Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders . Springer US.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1007/978-0-306-48647-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2488739053
    Crossref OpenAlex
  25. Michael K. Yeung , Jieru Bai , Kwai‐Lai Mak (2024). Longitudinal changes in executive function in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analyses . Autism Research, 17(10), 2045-2063. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.3196 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4400421646
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. John F. Strang , Haley Meagher , Lauren Kenworthy , A. de Vries , Edgardo Menvielle , Scott F. Leibowitz et al. (2018). Initial Clinical Guidelines for Co-Occurring Autism Spectrum Disorder and Gender Dysphoria or Incongruence in Adolescents . Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(1), 105-115. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2016.1228462 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2536607872
    Crossref OpenAlex
  27. Lauren Franz , Nola Chambers , Megan von Isenburg , Petrus J de Vries (2017). Autism spectrum disorder in sub‐saharan africa: A comprehensive scoping review . Autism Research, 10(5), 723-749. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1766 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2594393242
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4247665917
    Crossref OpenAlex
  30. Lauren Bishop-Fitzpatrick , Amy J. H. Kind (2017). A Scoping Review of Health Disparities in Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3380-3391. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3251-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2740425314
    Crossref OpenAlex
  31. Tamara May , Amanda Brignell , Katrina Williams (2021). Parent‐reported Autism Diagnostic Stability and Trajectories in the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children . Autism Research, 14(4), 773-786. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2470 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3118631207
    Crossref OpenAlex
  34. Gordon Forbes , Rachel Kent , Tony Charman , Gillian Baird , Andrew Pickles , Emily Simonoff (2023). How do autistic people fare in adult life and can we predict it from childhood? Autism Research, 16(2), 458-473. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2868 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4311575748
    Crossref OpenAlex
  35. Anna Baldes , Tamara May , Amanda Brignell , Katrina Williams (2026). Patterns of Psychotropic Prescribing Practices in Autistic Children and Adolescents: An Australian Perspective of Two Cohorts Five Years Apart . Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 57(2), 428-442. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01710-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4399257350
    Crossref OpenAlex
  36. Susan L. Hyman , Susan E. Levy , Scott M. Myers , COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES, SECTION ON DEVELOPMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL PEDIATRICS , Dennis Z. Kuo , Susan Apkon et al. (2020). Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder . Pediatrics, 145(1), 1. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3447 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2995148308
    Crossref OpenAlex
  37. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Margaret Cassidy , Jacob I Feldman , Marcos Canihuante et al. (2020). Intervention Effects on Language in Children With Autism: A Project AIM Meta-Analysis . Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63(5), 1537-1560. American Speech Language Hearing Association.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00167 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3021862202
    Crossref OpenAlex
  39. Lucy Riglin , Beate Leppert , Kate Langley , Ajay K. Thapar , Michael C. O'Donovan , George Davey Smith et al. (2021). Investigating attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder traits in the general population: What happens in adult life? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(4), 449-457. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13297 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3042461872
    Crossref OpenAlex
  40. Peter Szatmari , Katherine Tombeau Cost , Eric Duku , Teresa Bennett , Mayada Elsabbagh , Stelios Georgiades et al. (2021). Association of Child and Family Attributes With Outcomes in Children With Autism . JAMA Network Open, 4(3), e212530. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.2530 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3151526093
    Crossref OpenAlex
  41. Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Micheal Sandbank , Tiffany G. Woynaroski (2021). Adverse event reporting in intervention research for young autistic children . Autism, 25(2), 322. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320965331 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3093300669
    Crossref OpenAlex
  42. Katherine T. Cost , Anat Zaidman‐Zait , Pat Mirenda , Eric Duku , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum , Isabel Smith et al. (2021). “Best Things”: Parents Describe Their Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Over Time . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(12), 4560-4574. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04890-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3127399863
    Crossref OpenAlex
  43. Pat Mirenda , Anat Zaidman‐Zait , Katherine Tombeau Cost , Isabel Smith , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum , Eric Duku et al. (2024). Educators Describe the “Best Things” About Students with Autism at School . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(1), 1-17. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05761-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4307779020
    Crossref OpenAlex
  44. Caroline Kassee , Stephanie Babinski , Ami Tint , Yona Lunsky , Hilary K. Brown , Stephanie H. Ameis et al. (2020). Physical health of autistic girls and women: a scoping review . Molecular Autism, 11(1), 84. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00380-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3094995723
    Crossref OpenAlex
  45. Marsha Mailick , Teresa Bennett , Leann Smith DaWalt , Maureen S. Durkin , Gordon Forbes , Patricia Howlin et al. (2025). Expanding Research on Contextual Factors in Autism Research: What Took Us So Long? Autism Research, 18(4), 710-716. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.3312 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4407132164
    Crossref OpenAlex
  46. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Tiffany G. Woynaroski (2021). Intervention Recommendations for Children With Autism in Light of a Changing Evidence Base . JAMA Pediatr, 175(4), 341. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.4730 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3103964371
    Crossref OpenAlex
  47. Géraldine Dawson , Lauren Franz , Sam Brandsen * (2022). At a Crossroads—Reconsidering the Goals of Autism Early Behavioral Intervention From a Neurodiversity Perspective . JAMA Pediatrics, 176(9), 839. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2299 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4285024688
    Crossref OpenAlex
  48. Jenna E. Crank , Micheal Sandbank , Kacie Dunham-Carr , Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Jacob I Feldman et al. (2021). Understanding the Effects of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: A Project AIM Meta‐analysis . Autism Research, 14(4), 817-834. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2471 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3123275178
    Crossref OpenAlex
  49. Abraham David Graber , Jessica Graber (2023). Applied Behavior Analysis and the Abolitionist Neurodiversity Critique: An Ethical Analysis . Behavior Analysis in Practice, 16(4), 921-937. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00780-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4322766838
    Crossref OpenAlex
  50. Shuting Zheng , Hosanna Kim , Emma Salzman , Katy Ankenman , Stephen Bent (2021). Improving Social Knowledge and Skills among Adolescents with Autism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of UCLA PEERS® for Adolescents . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(12), 4488-4503. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04885-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3123519041
    Crossref OpenAlex
  52. Stelios Georgiades , Peter A. Tait , Paul D. McNicholas , Eric Duku , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum , Isabel Smith et al. (2022). Trajectories of Symptom Severity in Children with Autism: Variability and Turning Points through the Transition to School . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(1), 392-401. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04949-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3134367224
    Crossref OpenAlex
  53. Kamrun Nahar Koly , Susanne P. Martin-Herz , Md. Saimul Islam , Nusrat Sharmin , Hannah Blencowe , Aliya Naheed (2021). Parent mediated intervention programmes for children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders in South Asia: A systematic review . PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247432. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247432 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3135797658
    Crossref OpenAlex
  54. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Shannon Crowley LaPoint , Jacob I Feldman , D. Jonah Barrett , Nicolette Caldwell et al. (2023). Autism intervention meta-analysis of early childhood studies (Project AIM): updated systematic review and secondary analysis . BMJ, 383, e076733. BMJ.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-076733 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4388653932
    Crossref OpenAlex
  55. Micheal Sandbank , James E. Pustejovsky , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Nicolette Caldwell , Jacob I Feldman , Shannon Crowley LaPoint et al. (2024). Determining Associations Between Intervention Amount and Outcomes for Young Autistic Children . JAMA Pediatrics, 178(8), 763. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1832 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4399969678
    Crossref OpenAlex
  56. Yuling Ouyang , Junyan Feng , Tiantian Wang , Yang Xue , Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed , Feiyong Jia (2024). Comparison of the efficacy of parent-mediated NDBIs on developmental skills in children with ASD and fidelity in parents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis . BMC Pediatrics, 24(1), 270-270. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04752-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4395462838
    Crossref OpenAlex
  57. Xinyuan Wang , Jinzhu Zhao , Shan Huang , Shuling Chen , Tuo Zhou , Qing Li et al. (2021). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review . Pediatrics, 147(5). American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-049880 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3156174775
    Crossref OpenAlex
  58. Emre Deniz , Gill Francis , Carole Torgerson , Umar Toseeb (2026). Parent-Mediated Play-Based Interventions to Improve Social Communication and Language Skills of Preschool Autistic Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13(3), 730-750. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-024-00463-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4396899761
    Crossref OpenAlex
  59. Gauri Divan , Supriya Bhavnani , Kathy Leadbitter , Ceri Ellis , Jayashree Dasgupta , Amina Abubakar et al. (2021). Annual Research Review: Achieving universal health coverage for young children with autism spectrum disorder in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a review of reviews . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 62(5), 514-535. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13404 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3157918851
    Crossref OpenAlex
  60. Andrea McGlade , Koa Whittingham , Jacqui Barfoot , Leisa Taylor , Roslyn N. Boyd (2023). Efficacy of very early interventions on neurodevelopmental outcomes for infants and toddlers at increased likelihood of or diagnosed with autism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis . Autism Research, 16(6), 1145-1160. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2924 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4363646099
    Crossref OpenAlex
  61. Mei L. Law , Jatinder Singh , Mathilde Mastroianni , Paramala Santosh (2022). Parent-Mediated Interventions for Infants under 24 Months at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(6), 2553-2574. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05148-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3181226634
    Crossref OpenAlex
  62. Michael Lombardo , Elena Maria Busuoli , Laura Schreibman , Aubyn C. Stahmer , Tiziano Pramparo , Isotta Landi et al. (2021). Pre-treatment clinical and gene expression patterns predict developmental change in early intervention in autism . Molecular Psychiatry, 26(12), 7641-7651. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01239-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3189548282
    Crossref OpenAlex
  63. Lacey Chetcuti , Mirko Uljarevic , Rachel K. Schuck , Antonio Y. Hardan , Grace W. Gengoux , David Trembath et al. (2025). Characterizing predictors of response to behavioral interventions for children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analytic approach . Clinical Psychology Review, 119, 102588. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102588 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4410055989
    Crossref OpenAlex
  64. Xiao Liang , Ru Li , Stephen H. S. Wong , Raymond K. W. Sum , Peng Wang , Binrang Yang et al. (2022). The Effects of Exercise Interventions on Executive Functions in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis . Sports Medicine, 52(1), 75-88. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01545-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3197809273
    Crossref OpenAlex
  65. Carlo Pruneti , Gabriella Coscioni , Sara Guidotti (2024). Evaluation of the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies . Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 29(1), 213-231. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13591045231205614 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4387420601
    Crossref OpenAlex
  66. Shivani Sharma , Abigail Hucker , Terry Matthews , Dominique Grohmann , Keith R. Laws (2021). Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety in children and young people on the autism spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis . BMC Psychology, 9(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00658-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3202426903
    Crossref OpenAlex
  67. Amy Kate Rehn , Victoria Rose Caruso , Saravana Kumar (2023). The effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review . Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 50, 101719. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101719 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4313479576
    Crossref OpenAlex
  68. Jon H Sissons , Elise Blakemore , Hannah Shafi , Naomi Skotny , Donna M Lloyd (2022). Calm with horses? A systematic review of animal-assisted interventions for improving social functioning in children with autism . Autism, 26(6), 1320-1340. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221085338 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4223448660
    Crossref OpenAlex
  70. Ruijie Kou , Zixuan Li , Ming Li , Rui Zhou , Feilong Zhu , Weiqi Ruan et al. (2024). Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions on sociability and communication in children and adolescents with autism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis . BMC Psychology, 12(1), 712-712. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-02210-w OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4404843361
    Crossref OpenAlex
  71. Karla Rivera-Figueroa , Nana Yaa A. Marfo , Inge‐Marie Eigsti (2022). Parental Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Latinx and Black Sociocultural Contexts: A Systematic Review . American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 127(1), 42-63. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1352/1944-7558-127.1.42 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4205329338
    Crossref OpenAlex
  72. Ruiyuan Tao , Yijian Yang , Mark Wilson , Jeremy R. Chang , Chang Liu , Cindy H. P. Sit (2025). Comparative effectiveness of physical activity interventions on cognitive functions in children and adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 22(1), 6-6. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01702-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4406338955
    Crossref OpenAlex
  73. Elizabeth A. Laugeson , Fred Frankel (2011). Social Skills for Teenagers with Developmental and Autism Spectrum Disorders . Routledge.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.4324/9780203867686 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4205437199
    Crossref OpenAlex
  74. James (2020). Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents . Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 11.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  75. Rachel O’Connor , Neeltje van den Bedem , Els M.A. Blijd-Hoogewys , Lex Stockmann , Carolien Rieffe (2022). Friendship quality among autistic and non-autistic (pre-) adolescents: Protective or risk factor for mental health? Autism, 26(8), 2041-2051. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211073448 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4206914940
    Crossref OpenAlex
  76. Adele Diamond (2013). Executive Functions . Annual Review of Psychology, 64(1), 135-168. Annual Reviews.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4211081781
    Crossref OpenAlex
  77. Palka Mittal , Mahati Bhadania , Navya Tondak , Priyansh Ajmera , Sapna Yadav , Aditya Kukreti et al. (2024). Effect of immersive virtual reality-based training on cognitive, social, and emotional skills in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 151, 104771. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2024.104771 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4400075877
    Crossref OpenAlex
  78. Mitsuaki Iwasa , Yasuo Shimizu , Daimei Sasayama , Miho Imai , Hiroko Ohzono , Miori Ueda et al. (2022). Twenty‐year longitudinal birth cohort study of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder before seven years of age . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(12), 1563-1573. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13614 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4223412148
    Crossref OpenAlex
  79. Athanasia Kouroupa , Keith R. Laws , Karen Irvine , Silvana E. Mengoni , Alister Baird , Shivani Sharma (2022). The use of social robots with children and young people on the autism spectrum: A systematic review and meta-analysis . PLOS ONE, 17(6), e0269800. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269800 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4283267765
    Crossref OpenAlex
  80. Yichao Cheng , Jiaxin Shi , Xingpeng Cheng , Yenan Wei , Jiacheng Wang , Zhimei Jiang et al. (2025). Impact of social knowledge and skills training based on UCLA PEERS® on social communication and interaction skills of adolescents or young adults with autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 106, 104422. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104422 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4408068748
    Crossref OpenAlex
  81. Kate Cooper , Catherine Butler , Ailsa Russell , Will Mandy (2023). The lived experience of gender dysphoria in autistic young people: a phenomenological study with young people and their parents . European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(9), 1655-1666. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-01979-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4225920981
    Crossref OpenAlex
  82. Reinie Cordier , Lauren Parsons , Sarah Wilkes-Gillan , Matthew Cook , Matthew McCloskey-Martinez , Pamela Graham et al. (2023). Friendship interventions for children with neurodevelopmental needs: A systematic review and meta-analysis . PLOS ONE, 18(12), e0295917. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295917 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4389725702
    Crossref OpenAlex
  83. Caroline Kelly , Shivani Sharma , Anna-Theresa Jieman , Shulamit Ramon (2024). Sense-making narratives of autistic women diagnosed in adulthood: a systematic review of the qualitative research . Disability & Society, 39(3), 663-695. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2022.2076582 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4280616533
    Crossref OpenAlex
  84. Deanna Swain , Ji Eun Han , Hallie Brown , Catherine Lord , Sally J. Rogers , Annette M. Estes et al. (2025). Caregiver behavioral changes mediate the effects of naturalistic developmental behavioral interventions: Combining evidence from three randomized controlled trials . Autism, 29(7), 1835-1848. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613251328463 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4409381489
    Crossref OpenAlex
  85. Aimilia Kallitsounaki , David M. Williams (2023). Autism Spectrum Disorder and gender dysphoria/Incongruence: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(8), 3103. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05517-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281255505
    Crossref OpenAlex
  86. American Psychiatric Association (2022). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Type: Book DOI: 10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281687410
    Crossref OpenAlex
  87. (n.d.). Autism CRC. National guideline for supporting the learning, participation, and wellbeing of autistic children and their families in Australia. 2022. https://www.autismcrc.com.au/best-practice/supporting-children .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  88. (n.d.). National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Autism spectrum disorder in under 19s: support and management (Clinical guideline CG170). 2021. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg170 .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  89. (n.d.). Whaikaha – Ministry of Disabled People. Aotearoa New Zealand Autism Guideline: Third Edition. 2022. https://www.whaikaha.govt.nz/resources/strategies-and-studies/guidelines/nz-autism-guideline .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  90. Maleka Pervin , Helal Uddin Ahmed , York Hagmayer (2022). Effectiveness of interventions for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in high-income vs. lower middle-income countries: An overview of systematic reviews and research papers from LMIC . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 834783-834783. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.834783 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4289838790
    Crossref OpenAlex
  91. (n.d.). Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. Autism in Canada: Considerations for future public policy development - Weaving together evidence and lived experience. 2022. https://cahs-acss.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/CAHS-Autism-in-Canada-Considerations-for-future-public-policy-development.pdf .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  92. Myriam L. H. Beauchamp , Kaela Amorim , Samantha N. Wunderlich , Jonathan Lai , Julie Scorah , Mayada Elsabbagh (2022). Barriers to access and utilization of healthcare services for minority-language speakers with neurodevelopmental disorders: A scoping review . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 915999-915999. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.915999 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4293037337
    Crossref OpenAlex
  93. (n.d.). Centro Español sobre Trastorno del Espectro del Autismo (Spanish Centre for Autism Spectrum Disorders). I Plan de acción: Estrategia española en trastorno del espectro del autismo 2023-2027. 2024. https://www.rpdiscapacidad.gob.es/documentos/I_Plan_Autismo.pdf .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  94. Elizabeth J. Houck , Joseph D. Dracobly (2023). Trauma-Informed Care for Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: From Disparity to Policies for Effective Action . Perspectives on Behavior Science, 46(1), 67-87. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40614-022-00359-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4297518301
    Crossref OpenAlex
  96. Suzanne Mukherjee , Bryony Beresford (2023). Factors influencing the mental health of autistic children and teenagers: Parents’ observations and experiences . Autism, 27(8), 2324. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613231158959 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4327615256
    Crossref OpenAlex
  97. Shama El-Salahi , Zahra Khaki , Reena Vohora (2025). Experiences of inclusive school settings for children and young people on the autism spectrum in the UK: A systematic review . Rev J Autism Dev Disord, 12(3), 517. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-023-00405-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4387101177
    Crossref OpenAlex
  98. Mati Zakai-Mashiach (2025). I was hanging in the air and holding on tight. It’s exhausting: An autistic perspective on their journey through the general school system . Autism, 29(6), 1483-1496. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613241310295 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4406054687
    Crossref OpenAlex
  104. Lina Marie Casale , Stephen J. Gentles , Janet McLaughlin , Margaret Schneider (2023). Service access experiences of immigrant and refugee caregivers of autistic children in Canada: A scoping review . PLOS ONE, 18(11), e0293656. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293656 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4388522101
    Crossref OpenAlex
  105. (n.d.). 2026061007350732000_393.jun10_1.e086562. 76
    Type: Other DOI: 10.1089/aut.2024.0
    Crossref
  106. Sarah L Chellappa (2024). Neuroaffirming services for autistic people . The Lancet Psychiatry, 11(2), 96-97. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(23)00405-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4389539987
    Crossref OpenAlex
  107. Hui Zhang , Chun Chen (2026). A systematic review: factors related to culturally and linguistically diverse minority parents’ service decisions for their children with autism spectrum disorder . Rev J Autism Dev Disord, 13(1), 145. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-024-00431-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4391647148
    Crossref OpenAlex
  108. Micheal Sandbank , Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Ya-Cing Syu , Nicolette Caldwell , Jacob I Feldman , Tiffany G. Woynaroski (2024). Evidence-b(i)ased practice: Selective and inadequate reporting in early childhood autism intervention research . Autism, 28(8), 1889. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613241231624 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4391754743
    Crossref OpenAlex
  109. Atina Ndindeng (2024). The Impact of Autism On Ethnic Minority Children in Middle and Low-Income Countries: An Under-Researched Challenge . Journal of Medical Health Research and Psychiatry, 01(02). Meteor Publishing Journals.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.70844/jmhrp.2024.1.2.23 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4410094546
    Crossref OpenAlex
  110. (n.d.). Neurodiversity Affirming Practice: Sonny Jane Wise @livedexperienceeducator. 2019. https://www.livedexperienceeducator.com/neurodiversityaffirmingpractice .
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  111. (n.d.). Ayres AJ. Sensory integration and learning disorders. Western Psychological Services, 1972.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  112. (n.d.). Singer J. Odd people. In: The birth of community amongst people on the autistic spectrum: A personal exploration of a new social movement based on neurological diversity. Faculty of Humanities and Social Science University of Technology, Sydney, 1998.
    Type: Other
    Crossref