Réconcilier ce qui semble irréconciliable : le système ICF de l'OMS intègre les déterminants environnementaux biologiques et psychosociaux de l'autisme et du TDAH

Titre original en anglais : Reconciling the seemingly irreconcilable: The WHO's ICF system integrates biological and psychosocial environmental determinants of autism and ADHD

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Bölte, S., Lawson, W., Marschik, P. B., & Girdler, S. (2021). Reconciling the seemingly irreconcilable: The WHO's ICF system integrates biological and psychosocial environmental determinants of autism and ADHD. BioEssays, 43(9), e2000254-e2000254. https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000254

Date de publication: 01/04/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Sven Bölte
  2. Wenn Lawson *
  3. Peter B. Marschik
  4. Sonya Girdler

Résumé

Les troubles du neurodéveloppement (TND), tels que l'autisme et le TDAH, sont des difficultés de fonctionnement adaptatif définies sur le plan comportemental, résultant de variations, d'altérations et d'une maturation atypique du cerveau. Bien qu'il soit largement admis que les TND sont des affections complexes dont la présentation et l'impact fonctionnel reposent sur divers facteurs génétiques et environnementaux, un débat contemporain et polarisant s'est concentré sur la pertinence du paradigme biomédical par opposition au paradigme de la neurodiversité pour encadrer les conceptions de ces affections. Bien qu'elle soit largement négligée tant par la recherche que par la pratique, la Classification internationale du fonctionnement, du handicap et de la santé (ICF), approuvée par l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé en 2001, envisage le fonctionnement de manière dynamique et offre un cadre permettant d'étudier, d'évaluer et de traiter les TND de façon holistique. Illustré par l'autisme et le TDAH, nous soutenons que l'ICF offre non seulement une multitude de possibilités pour prendre en compte les déterminants environnementaux dans la recherche et la prise en charge clinique des TND, mais aussi des possibilités d'harmoniser les paradigmes biomédical et de la neurodiversité qui semblent irréconciliables. Voir également le résumé vidéo ici : https://youtu.be/YwuWPDUOs5k.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as autism and ADHD, are behaviorally defined adaptive functioning difficulties arising from variations, alterations and atypical maturation of the brain. While it is widely agreed that NDDs are complex conditions with their presentation and functional impact underpinned by diverse genetic and environmental factors, contemporary and polarizing debate has focused on the appropriateness of the biomedical as opposed to the neurodiverse paradigm in framing conceptions of these conditions. Despite being largely overlooked by both research and practice, the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) endorsed by the World Health Organization in 2001 views functioning dynamically, offering a framework for investigating, assessing and treating NDDs holistically. Exemplified by autism and ADHD, we argue that the ICF provides not only a multitude of opportunities in accounting for the environmental determinants in researching and clinically managing NDDs, but opportunities for harmonizing the seemingly irreconcilable biomedical and neurodiverse paradigms. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/YwuWPDUOs5k.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
72
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
7 / 72 (9,7 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
11 / 467 (2,4 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 11 / 155 (7,1 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 10 / 349 (2,9 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
155 / 467 (33,2 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 76 / 349 (21,8 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
144 / 155 (92,9 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 144 / 467 (30,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 66 / 76 (86,8 %).
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