Un pont génétique entre la médecine et la neurodiversité pour l’autisme

Titre original en anglais : A Genetic Bridge Between Medicine and Neurodiversity for Autism

Leblond, C. S., Rolland, T., Barthome, E., Mougin, Z., Fleury, M., Ecker, C., Bonnot-Briey, S., Cliquet, F., Tabet, A., Maruani, A., Chaumette, B., Green, J., Delorme, R., & Bourgeron, T. (2024). A Genetic Bridge Between Medicine and Neurodiversity for Autism. Annual Review of Genetics, 58(1), 487-512. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102614

Date de publication: 25/11/2024 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais

Cette publication est intégrée dans AutiHub via :

Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
14
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 14 (7,1 %)

Résumé

L’autisme représente un vaste spectre d’individus divers présentant des architectures génétiques sous-jacentes et des besoins variables. Chez certains individus, une seule variante génétique de novo ou ultra-rare a un effet important sur l’intensité de dimensions spécifiques du phénotype, tandis que, chez d’autres, une combinaison de milliers de variantes couramment trouvées dans la population générale est impliquée. Les variantes à fort impact sont retrouvées chez jusqu’à 30 % des individus autistes présentant une déficience intellectuelle, un retard significatif de la parole, un retard moteur et/ou des crises épileptiques. Les variantes communes sont partagées avec celles retrouvées chez les individus présentant un trouble du déficit de l’attention avec hyperactivité, des troubles dépressifs majeurs, un niveau d’instruction plus élevé et de meilleures performances cognitives, ce qui suggère des architectures génétiques qui se chevauchent. Les variantes génétiques modulent la fonction des protéines de remodelage de la chromatine et des protéines synaptiques qui influencent la connectivité des circuits neuronaux et, en interaction avec l’environnement de chaque individu, la trajectoire cognitive et personnelle ultérieure de l’enfant. Globalement, cette hétérogénéité génétique reflète la diversité phénotypique des individus autistes et fournit un pont utile entre les perspectives biomédicales et de neurodiversité. Nous proposons que la recherche participative et multidisciplinaire utilise ces informations afin de mieux comprendre les évaluations, les traitements et les aménagements dont les individus autistes et les familles ont besoin.

Autism represents a large spectrum of diverse individuals with varying underlying genetic architectures and needs. For some individuals, a single de novo or ultrarare genetic variant has a large effect on the intensity of specific dimensions of the phenotype, while, for others, a combination of thousands of variants commonly found in the general population are involved. The variants with large impact are found in up to 30% of autistic individuals presenting with intellectual disability, significant speech delay, motor delay, and/or seizures. The common variants are shared with those found in individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, major depressive disorders, greater educational attainment, and higher cognitive performance, suggesting overlapping genetic architectures. The genetic variants modulate the function of chromatin remodeling and synaptic proteins that influence the connectivity of neuronal circuits and, in interaction with the environment of each individual, the subsequent cognitive and personal trajectory of the child. Overall, this genetic heterogeneity mirrors the phenotypic diversity of autistic individuals and provides a helpful bridge between biomedical and neurodiversity perspectives. We propose that participative and multidisciplinary research should use this information to understand better the assessment, treatments, and accommodations that individuals with autism and families need.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

Les références citées sont importées depuis des sources externes de métadonnées lorsqu’elles sont disponibles. La liste peut être partielle.

Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
170
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
5 / 170 (2,9 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
7 / 3771 (0,2 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 7 / 514 (1,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 6 / 2895 (0,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
514 / 3771 (13,6 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 165 / 2895 (5,7 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
507 / 514 (98,6 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 507 / 3771 (13,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 159 / 165 (96,4 %).
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