Aller au-delà du Catch-22 du diagnostic et de la recherche sur l’autisme. Les implications morales du fait de (ne pas) demander « Qu’est-ce que l’autisme ? »

Titre original en anglais : Going Beyond the Catch-22 of Autism Diagnosis and Research. The Moral Implications of (Not) Asking “What Is Autism?”

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Bervoets, J. & Hens, K. (2020). Going Beyond the Catch-22 of Autism Diagnosis and Research. The Moral Implications of (Not) Asking “What Is Autism?”. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 529193-529193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.529193

Date de publication: 10/11/2020 Ajout dans AutiHub: 04/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
2
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 2 (50,0 %)
  1. Jo Bervoets *
  2. Kristien Hens

Résumé

Les diagnostics psychiatriques tels que le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) sont principalement attribués sur la base de critères comportementaux. L’objectif de la plupart des recherches biomédicales sur le TSA est de mettre au jour les mécanismes sous-jacents qui conduisent à des comportements pathologiques, voire les causent. Cependant, dans la littérature philosophique et sociologique, il a été suggéré que l’autisme est également, dans une certaine mesure, une « construction sociale » qui ne peut pas être simplement réduit à son explication biologique. Nous montrons qu’une adhésion unilatérale soit à une explication biologique, soit à une explication sociale conduit à un dilemme moral, un Catch-22, pour les personnes autistes et pour celles qui vivent avec elles. De telles explications ferment l’espace permettant de s’auto-identifier comme autiste tout en étant considéré comme étant en bonne santé mentale. Elles excluent la possibilité de donner un sens à l’expérience vécue des personnes autistes (et avec elles). Dans cet article, nous soutenons qu’un tel manque d’espace pour l’imagination morale conduit intrinsèquement à une impasse scientifique. Nous proposons que l’on ne puisse dépasser cette impasse qu’en adoptant une position éthique dans la théorisation, une position qui permette une meilleure compréhension intersubjective. Ce n’est que dans une telle perspective que le comportement et la biologie peuvent être liés sans les dissocier ni réduire l’un à l’autre.

Psychiatric diagnoses such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are primarily attributed on the basis of behavioral criteria. The aim of most of the biomedical research on ASD is to uncover the underlying mechanisms that lead to or even cause pathological behavior. However, in the philosophical and sociological literature, it has been suggested that autism is also to some extent a 'social construct' that cannot merely be reduced to its biological explanation. We show that a one-sided adherence to either a biological or a social explanation leads to a moral dilemma, a Catch-22, for autistics and for those living with them. Such explanations close the space for self-identifying as autistic and at the same time being considered to be in good mental health. They foreclose the possibility of making sense of the lived experience of (and with) autistics. In this paper we argue that such lack of space for moral imagination inherently leads to scientific stalemate. We propose that one can only go beyond this stalemate by taking an ethical stance in theorizing, one that enables better intersubjective understanding. Only on such a view can behavior and biology be linked without either disconnecting them or reducing the one to the other.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
64
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
6 / 64 (9,4 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
6 / 113 (5,3 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 6 / 38 (15,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 5 / 95 (5,3 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
38 / 113 (33,6 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 27 / 95 (28,4 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
32 / 38 (84,2 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 32 / 113 (28,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 22 / 27 (81,5 %).
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