Différences entre les sexes autodéclarées chez des adultes autistes à haut niveau de fonctionnement : une méta-analyse

Titre original en anglais : Self-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis

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Moseley, R., Hitchiner, R., & Kirkby, J. A. (2018). Self-reported sex differences in high-functioning adults with autism: a meta-analysis. Molecular Autism, 9(1), 33-33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-018-0216-6

Date de publication: 18/05/2018 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Rachel Moseley *
  2. R. Hitchiner
  3. Julie A. Kirkby

Résumé

Contexte : On pense que les différences entre les sexes dans la symptomatologie autistique contribuent au diagnostic erroné et à l'absence de diagnostic de nombreuses filles et femmes présentant une condition du spectre de l'autisme (ASC). Bien que les dernières années aient vu l'émergence de rapports cliniques et empiriques décrivant le profil de jeunes filles autistes, la reconnaissance des différences entre les sexes dans la symptomatologie à l'âge adulte est bien plus limitée. Méthodes : Nous avons choisi ici de nous concentrer sur la symptomatologie telle qu'elle est rapportée à l'aide d'un instrument de dépistage, la Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R). Dans une méta-analyse, nous avons regroupé et analysé des données RAADS-R provenant d'un certain nombre de groupes expérimentaux. Une analyse de variance (ANOVA) a recherché la présence d'effets principaux du Sexe et du Diagnostic ainsi que d'interactions entre ces facteurs dans notre échantillon d'adultes autistes et non autistes. Résultats : Dans les domaines des relations sociales et des intérêts circonscrits, les effets principaux du Diagnostic ont révélé que, comme attendu, les adultes autistes rapportaient une prévalence significativement plus élevée de symptômes au cours de la vie dans ces domaines ; un effet du Sexe, dans les intérêts circonscrits, suggérait également que les hommes rapportaient généralement des symptômes plus fréquents que les femmes. Une interaction entre le Sexe et le Diagnostic dans la symptomatologie langagière a révélé qu'une différence normative entre les sexes dans les difficultés langagières était atténuée dans l'autisme. Une interaction entre le Sexe et le Diagnostic dans le domaine sensorimoteur a révélé le tableau opposé : une absence de différences entre les sexes chez les hommes et les femmes au développement typique et une prévalence plus élevée de symptômes sensorimoteurs chez les femmes autistes que chez les hommes autistes. Conclusions : Nous examinons la littérature sur les différences entre les sexes durant l'enfance en relation avec celles qui ont émergé dans notre échantillon adulte. Lorsque les différences entre les sexes observées durant l'enfance ne persistent pas à l'âge adulte, plusieurs interprétations existent, et nous discutons, par exemple, d'un biais d'échantillonnage inhérent qui peut signifier que seules les femmes autistes les plus similaires à la présentation masculine sont diagnostiquées. La constatation que la symptomatologie sensorimotrice est davantage rapportée par les femmes autistes nécessite une confirmation objective, compte tenu de son importance potentielle pour le diagnostic.

Background: Sex differences in autistic symptomatology are believed to contribute to the mis- and missed diagnosis of many girls and women with an autism spectrum condition (ASC). Whilst recent years have seen the emergence of clinical and empirical reports delineating the profile of young autistic girls, recognition of sex differences in symptomatology in adulthood is far more limited. Methods: We chose here to focus on symptomatology as reported using a screening instrument, the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R). In a meta-analysis, we pooled and analysed RAADS-R data from a number of experimental groups. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) searched for the presence of main effects of Sex and Diagnosis and for interactions between these factors in our sample of autistic and non-autistic adults. Results: In social relatedness and circumscribed interests, main effects of Diagnosis revealed that as expected, autistic adults reported significantly greater lifetime prevalence of symptoms in these domains; an effect of Sex, in circumscribed interests, also suggested that males generally reported more prevalent symptoms than females. An interaction of Sex and Diagnosis in language symptomatology revealed that a normative sex difference in language difficulties was attenuated in autism. An interaction of Sex and Diagnosis in the sensorimotor domain revealed the opposite picture: a lack of sex differences between typically developing men and women and a greater prevalence of sensorimotor symptoms in autistic women than autistic men. Conclusions: We discuss the literature on childhood sex differences in relation to those which emerged in our adult sample. Where childhood sex differences fail to persist in adulthood, several interpretations exist, and we discuss, for example, an inherent sampling bias that may mean that only autistic women most similar to the male presentation are diagnosed. The finding that sensorimotor symptomatology is more highly reported by autistic women is a finding requiring objective confirmation, given its potential importance in diagnosis.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
109
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
3 / 109 (2,8 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
3 / 550 (0,5 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 3 / 158 (1,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 3 / 458 (0,7 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
158 / 550 (28,7 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 93 / 458 (20,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
155 / 158 (98,1 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 155 / 550 (28,2 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 90 / 93 (96,8 %).
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