Vulnérabilité réduite à l’effet Dunning-Kruger chez les employés autistes

Titre original en anglais : Reduced Susceptibility to the Dunning–Kruger Effect in Autistic Employees

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Hartman, L. M., Glassman, H., & Hartman, B. L. (2025). Reduced Susceptibility to the Dunning–Kruger Effect in Autistic Employees. Autism Research, 19(1), e70139-e70139. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70139

Publication date: 12/11/2025 Ajout dans AutiHub: 16/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Lorne M. Hartman
  2. Harley Glassman
  3. Braxton L. Hartman *

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ Les données indiquent que les personnes autistes sont moins vulnérables à l’influence sociale et aux biais cognitifs que les personnes non autistes. Cependant, aucune étude n’a été menée sur l’effet Dunning-Kruger (DKE) dans l’autisme. Le DKE est un biais cognitif selon lequel les personnes ayant une expertise limitée dans un domaine spécifique surestiment leurs capacités. L’objectif de cette étude est de comparer les autoévaluations de leur performance par des employés autistes et non autistes à leur performance objective dans une mesure populaire, fondée sur la performance, de la disposition à la pensée analytique, le CRT (test de réflexion cognitive). Après avoir effectué la tâche, aucun retour d’information ni indice n’a été fourni quant à la qualité de leur performance. Il a ensuite été demandé aux participants d’estimer le nombre de questions auxquelles ils avaient répondu correctement et de comparer leur performance à celle des autres participants en estimant le pourcentage de pairs qu’ils avaient surpassés. Les résultats ont indiqué un étalonnage asymétrique de la performance réelle par rapport à la performance estimée au CRT chez les employés autistes : dans le groupe à faible performance, les participants autistes surestimaient moins leurs capacités que les participants non autistes. Toutefois, dans le groupe à haute performance, les participants autistes sous-estimaient davantage leurs capacités que les participants non autistes. Une vulnérabilité réduite au DKE met en évidence les avantages potentiels des employés autistes sur le lieu de travail. Les implications théoriques et pratiques examinent l’intersection entre la conscience métacognitive, l’autisme et le DKE dans un contexte organisationnel.

ABSTRACT Evidence indicates that autistic individuals are less susceptible to social influence and cognitive biases than non‐autistic individuals. However, no studies have been conducted on the Dunning–Kruger effect (DKE) in autism. The DKE is a cognitive bias in which people with limited expertise in a specific domain overestimate their abilities. The purpose of this study is to compare autistic and non‐autistic employees' self‐assessments of their performance with their objective performance on a popular performance‐based measure of analytic thinking disposition, the CRT (cognitive reflection test). After completing the task, no feedback or clues were provided regarding how well they performed. Participants were then asked to estimate how many questions they answered correctly and compare their performance to other participants by estimating the percentage of peers they outperformed. Results indicated asymmetric calibration of actual versus estimated CRT performance in autistic employees: In the low‐performance group, autistic participants overestimated their abilities less than non‐autistic participants. However, in the high‐performance group, autistic participants underestimated their abilities more than non‐autistic participants. Reduced susceptibility to the DKE highlights potential benefits of autistic employees in the workplace. Theoretical and practical implications consider the intersection of metacognitive awareness, autism, and the DKE in an organizational context.

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 19/09/2026 01:01.

Références citées
112
Avec un DOI
105
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
7
5 / 112 (4,5 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
1 / 112 (0,9 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
111 / 112 (99,1 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
1
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
6
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
387
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
387
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
93 / 387 (24,0 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 294 / 387 (76,0 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
5 / 387 (1,3 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 5 / 93 (5,4 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 3 / 310 (1,0 %).
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