Comparaison d’enfants nés prématurément et à terme présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme dans un échantillon communautaire prospectif

Titre original en anglais : A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Luu, J., Jellett, R., Yaari, M., Gilbert, M., & Barbaro, J. (2020). A Comparison of Children Born Preterm and Full-Term on the Autism Spectrum in a Prospective Community Sample. Frontiers in Neurology, 11, 597505-597505. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.597505

Date de publication: 03/12/2020 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Jenny Luu
  2. Rachel Jellett
  3. Maya Yaari
  4. Melissa Gilbert
  5. Josephine Barbaro *

Résumé

Introduction : Des recherches antérieures suggèrent que les enfants diagnostiqués avec un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA ou « autisme »), nés extrêmement ou très prématurément, présentent un développement considérablement plus retardé que leurs pairs nés à terme. En outre, il est proposé que les enfants nés prématurément présentent un phénotype comportemental unique, qui peut chevaucher des caractéristiques de l’autisme, ce qui rend difficile de distinguer leur présentation clinique. Afin de clarifier la présentation de l’autisme chez les enfants nés prématurément, cette étude a examiné les différences dans les principaux indicateurs du développement de l’enfant (langage expressif, langage réceptif, motricité fine et réception visuelle) et les caractéristiques de l’autisme (affect social et comportements répétitifs et restreints). Matériels et méthodes : Cent cinquante-huit enfants (136 nés à terme, vingt-deux nés prématurément) diagnostiqués avec l’autisme, âgés de 22 à 34 mois, ont été identifiés prospectivement à l’aide des outils de surveillance de l’attention sociale et de la communication lors de contrôles de surveillance développementale en milieu communautaire au cours de la deuxième année de vie. Les enfants identifiés comme ayant une « forte probabilité » de diagnostic d’autisme ont passé les échelles d’apprentissage précoce de Mullen et l’échelle d’observation diagnostique de l’autisme. Résultats : Les enfants nés prématurément et à terme ne différaient pas significativement quant à leurs compétences en motricité fine, réception visuelle, langage expressif ou langage réceptif. Aucune différence significative n’a été observée concernant les traits d’affect social et les comportements répétitifs et restreints. Discussion : Les résultats de cette étude diffèrent des recherches antérieures, dans lesquelles les enfants diagnostiqués avec l’autisme, nés très ou extrêmement prématurément, présentaient un retard de développement et davantage de traits autistiques que leurs pairs nés à terme. Ces résultats nuls peuvent être liés à la forte proportion d’enfants nés modérément à tardivement prématurés dans cet échantillon. Cette étude était unique par son utilisation d’un échantillon communautaire d’enfants diagnostiqués avec l’autisme à un jeune âge, identifiés prospectivement. Il est possible que les enfants de ces groupes diffèrent des échantillons issus de cliniques et d’hôpitaux, que d’éventuelles différences apparaissent plus tard au cours du développement, ou que, au sein du spectre de l’autisme, les enfants nés prématurément et à terme se développent de manière similaire. Il a été conclu que, dans l’échantillon actuel, à l’âge de 2 ans, les enfants diagnostiqués avec l’autisme et nés prématurément sont similaires à leurs pairs nés à terme. Ainsi, lorsque les cliniciens identifient des caractéristiques de l’autisme chez des enfants nés prématurément, il est important d’orienter l’enfant vers une évaluation diagnostique de l’autisme.

Introduction: Previous research suggests children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD or “autism”) born extremely and very preterm face substantially delayed development than their peers born full-term. Further, children born preterm are proposed to show a unique behavioral phenotype, which may overlap with characteristics of autism, making it difficult to disentangle their clinical presentation. To clarify the presentation of autism in children born preterm, this study examined differences in key indicators of child development (expressive language, receptive language, fine motor, and visual reception) and characteristics of autism (social affect and repetitive, restricted behaviors). Materials and Methods: One fifty-eight children (136 full-term, twenty-two preterm) diagnosed with autism, aged 22–34 months, were identified prospectively using the Social Attention and Communication Surveillance tools during community-based, developmental surveillance checks in the second year of life. Those identified at “high likelihood” of an autism diagnosis were administered the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results: The children born preterm and full-term did not differ significantly in their fine motor, visual reception, expressive language, or receptive language skills. No significant differences in social affect and repetitive and restrictive behavior traits were found. Discussion: The findings of this study differs from previous research where children diagnosed with autism born very or extremely preterm were developmentally delayed and had greater autistic traits than their term-born peers. These null findings may relate to the large proportion of children born moderate to late preterm in this sample. This study was unique in its use of a community-based, prospectively identified sample of children diagnosed with autism at an early age. It may be that children in these groups differ from clinic- and hospital-based samples, that potential differences emerge later in development, or that within the autism spectrum, children born preterm and full-term develop similarly. It was concluded that within the current sample, at 2 years of age, children diagnosed with autism born preterm are similar to their peers born full-term. Thus, when clinicians identify characteristics of autism in children born preterm, it is important to refer the child for a diagnostic assessment for autism.

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Références citées
101
Avec un DOI
87
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
12
10 / 101 (9,9 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
6 / 101 (5,9 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
95 / 101 (94,1 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
6
Sans titre structuré
0
Sans identifiant stable
10
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
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Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
745
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
745
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
84 / 745 (11,3 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 661 / 745 (88,7 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
10 / 745 (1,3 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 10 / 84 (11,9 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 1 / 637 (0,2 %).
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