Sensibilité à la douleur sociale chez les adultes autistes : associations avec le genre, l'estime de soi, l'empathie cognitive et la sensibilité sensorielle

Titre original en anglais : Social Pain Sensitivity in Autistic Adults: Associations With Gender, Self‐Esteem, Cognitive Empathy, and Sensory Sensitivity

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van Asselt, A., Roke, Y., Begeer, S., & Scheeren, A. (2026). Social Pain Sensitivity in Autistic Adults: Associations With Gender, Self‐Esteem, Cognitive Empathy, and Sensory Sensitivity. Autism Research, e70345-e70345. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.70345

Date de publication: 13/08/2026 Ajout dans AutiHub: 16/08/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Alvin van Asselt *
  2. Yvette Roke
  3. Sander Begeer
  4. Anke Scheeren

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ La sensibilité à la douleur sociale désigne la tendance à détecter et à réagir fortement aux indices d'exclusion sociale. Des adversités sociales fréquentes et des caractéristiques spécifiques peuvent rendre les personnes autistes plus sensibles à la douleur sociale, mais les données restent incohérentes. Afin d'améliorer notre compréhension, des adultes autistes âgés de ≥ 16 ans (n = 1425 ; âge moyen = 47,3, ET = 14,2) et des adultes allistiques (n = 187 ; âge moyen = 51,4, ET = 14,6) inscrits au Netherlands Autism Register (NAR) ont rempli le Social Pain Questionnaire (SPQ). Une ANOVA à deux facteurs a montré que les adultes autistes rapportaient une sensibilité à la douleur sociale significativement plus élevée que les adultes allistiques, avec une faible taille d'effet (η 2 p = 0,02). Les femmes rapportaient une sensibilité à la douleur sociale plus élevée que les hommes dans les deux groupes (η 2 p = 0,01), et cette différence de genre était comparable chez les adultes autistes et allistiques. Au sein du groupe autiste, dans un sous-ensemble de participants disposant de données complètes (n = 234), une analyse de régression multiple hiérarchique a montré que la sensibilité à la douleur sociale était modérément associée à une plus faible estime de soi (β = −0,47), mais pas à l'empathie cognitive ni à la sensibilité sensorielle. Des analyses exploratoires ont en outre indiqué que l'estime de soi rendait entièrement compte de l'association entre le diagnostic d'autisme et la sensibilité à la douleur sociale. Conformément à la théorie du sociomètre, ces résultats suggèrent qu'une sensibilité accrue à la douleur sociale chez les adultes autistes peut refléter une acceptation sociale perçue comme réduite. Nos résultats soulignent la pertinence des adversités sociales pour les adultes autistes et mettent en évidence la nécessité de soutiens qui renforcent le sentiment d'appartenance et réduisent les expériences socialement douloureuses.

ABSTRACT Social pain sensitivity refers to the tendency to detect and react strongly to cues of social exclusion. Frequent social adversities and specific characteristics may make individuals with autism more sensitive to social pain, yet evidence remains inconsistent. To enhance our understanding, autistic adults aged ≥ 16 years (n = 1425; M age = 47.3, SD = 14.2) and allistic adults (n = 187; M age = 51.4, SD = 14.6) enrolled in the Netherlands Autism Register (NAR) completed the Social Pain Questionnaire (SPQ). A two‐way ANOVA demonstrated that autistic adults reported significantly higher social pain sensitivity than allistic adults, with a small effect size (η 2 p = 0.02). Women reported higher social pain sensitivity than men across both groups (η 2 p = 0.01), and this gender difference was comparable for autistic and allistic adults. Within the autistic group, in a subset of participants with complete data (n = 234), a hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that social pain sensitivity was moderately associated with lower self‐esteem (β = −0.47), but not with cognitive empathy or sensory sensitivity. Exploratory analyses further indicated that self‐esteem fully accounted for the association between autism diagnosis and social pain sensitivity. Consistent with sociometer theory, these results suggest that heightened social pain sensitivity in autistic adults may reflect reduced perceived social acceptance. Our findings highlight the relevance of social adversities for autistic adults and underscore the need for supports that strengthen belonging and reduce socially painful experiences.

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