Towards autistic flow theory: A non‐pathologising conceptual approach

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Heasman, B., Williams, G., Charura, D., Hamilton, L. G., Milton, D., & Murray, F. (2024). Towards autistic flow theory: A non‐pathologising conceptual approach. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 54(4), 469-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12427

Publication date: 3 Jun 2024 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
4 / 6 (66.7%)
  1. Brett Heasman *
  2. Gemma Williams *
  3. Divine Charura
  1. Lorna G. Hamilton
  2. Damian Milton *
  3. Fergus Murray *

Abstract

Abstract Flow states are heightened moments of concentration, motivation and enjoyment, leading to total absorption in the present moment. A striking parallel exists between flow states and phenomenological accounts of autistic daily life. We analyse the components of flow theory alongside autistic autobiographical accounts to explore similarities and differences, in doing so moving toward an understanding of autistic flow theory. We highlight the considerations and opportunities this may hold for future autism research, in particular the advantage that this offers a non‐pathologising approach to researching autism, one which helps to explain contextualised behaviour (i.e., alignment between the situation and what is happening in one's mind). Drawing on autistic autobiographical accounts, we outline four principles: (1) autistic people are uniquely placed to discover and manage flow; (2) autistic flow may qualitatively diverge from traditional models of flow; (3) difficulties maintaining and exiting flow for autistic people highlight a need to examine transitions into and out of flow; and, (4) internal and external constraints to flow highlight there is unrealised autistic potential yet to be discovered. The implications of an autistic flow theory are discussed in terms of how it can impact (a) our conceptual understanding of autism providing alternative explanations to previously researched phenomena, and (b) how we build enabling environments for autistic people that allow flow to flourish across educational practice, wellbeing and research contexts.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 14:02.

Cited references
133
With a DOI
111
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
22
39 / 133 (29.3%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 133 (1.5%)
References with detected author names
131 / 133 (98.5%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
2
Without a stable identifier
20
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
371
From DOI or external metadata
371
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
2
204 / 371 (55.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 167 / 371 (45.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
56 / 371 (15.1%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 56 / 204 (27.5%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 25 / 283 (8.8%).
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