Neurodiversity and the Social Ecology of Mental Functions

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Chapman, R. (2021). Neurodiversity and the Social Ecology of Mental Functions. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(6), 1360-1372. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620959833

Publication date: 12 Feb 2021 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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  1. Robert Chapman *

Abstract

In psychiatry, mental dysfunction is typically framed in relation to models that seek to be continuous with physiology or evolutionary biology and that compare individual fitness to a broader functional norm. Proponents of the neurodiversity movement, however, challenge the pathologization of minority cognitive styles and argue that we should reframe neurocognitive diversity as a normal and healthy manifestation of biodiversity. Neurodiversity proponents have thus far drawn on social-relational models of disability to challenge the medical model of disability, but they have not developed an alternative functional analysis to replace conceptions of neurological dysfunction or impairment. Here I clarify and defend the neurodiversity perspective by drawing on ecological functional models that take relational contributions to collectives, and group functioning, into account alongside individual functionality. Using the example of autism as well as recent developments in the study of cognitive diversity, I apply these models to human mental functioning and argue that what I call the ecological model has greater utility for research and practice than the leading psychiatric functional analyses of mental functioning.

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Cited references
93
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10 / 93 (10.8%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
12 / 126 (9.5%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 12 / 30 (40.0%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 8 / 110 (7.3%).
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30 / 126 (23.8%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 22 / 110 (20.0%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
18 / 30 (60.0%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 18 / 126 (14.3%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 14 / 22 (63.6%).
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