The Experiences of Autistic Doctors Transitioning into Clinical Practice in the UK: A Phenomenological Study

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Keenan, J., Doherty, M., & Shaw, S. C. (2026). The Experiences of Autistic Doctors Transitioning into Clinical Practice in the UK: A Phenomenological Study. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2025.2608185

Publication date: 13 Jan 2026 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

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Authors

Publication authors
3
Publication authors identified as autistic
2 / 3 (66.7%)
  1. Joy Keenan
  2. Mary Doherty *
  3. Sebastian C.K. Shaw *

Abstract

Autistic doctors bring valuable contributions to healthcare but face challenges like managing healthcare's unpredictable nature and difficult colleague interactions. Significant life changes, such as the shift from medical student to resident doctor, can be stressful for autistic people. No research yet has examined how autistic doctors experience and make sense of the critical transition from medical student to qualified doctor, which is what this study aims to do. We utilised an interpretive phenomenological approach for this study, conducting qualitative interviews between October 2024 and February 2025 that we subsequently analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis. Participants were UK-based doctors recruited through the Autistic Medical Students or the Autistic Doctors International online support groups. Ethical approval was obtained from the Brighton and Sussex Medical School Research Governance and Ethics Committee. Five people took part in the study, and we identified five Group Experiential Themes (GETs). Participants felt powerless due to a system driven by luck (GET 1), where their placements and support were unpredictable, leaving them with little control or agency. This feeling of powerlessness (GET 2) was compounded by a medical culture that felt misaligned with their identities as autistic doctors and made them feel subordinated and excluded from the rest of the medical team. This led to attempts to claw back control (GET 3) by carefully managing their identity, staying hypervigilant of social dynamics, and lowering their expectations. However, this led to internal conflict, exhaustion, and sacrifices in their personal lives to survive in this system (GET 4), leading participants to struggle to reconcile their professional identity (GET 5) with the expectations placed on them. This study highlights how transitioning into a work environment can be stressful for newly qualified autistic doctors and how work environments can inadvertently exacerbate this experience by disrupting long-developed coping strategies, pressuring autistic people to mask and increasing stress and isolation. Creating environments that embrace diversity and support autistic doctors' needs is vital for them to thrive.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:40.

Cited references
92
With a DOI
81
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
11
26 / 92 (28.3%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
7 / 92 (7.6%)
References with detected author names
85 / 92 (92.4%)
Without detected author names
7
Without a structured title
7
Without a stable identifier
11
References with raw author names still to review
7
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
280
From DOI or external metadata
280
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
10
132 / 280 (47.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 148 / 280 (52.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
60 / 280 (21.4%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 60 / 132 (45.5%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 33 / 248 (13.3%).
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