Verbal Collaboration in Same- and Mixed-Neurotype Groups of Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. two authors of this publication are identified as autistic in the project.

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Foster, S. J., Patel, S., Wilks, C., Dodd, M., Calderon, R. M., Ropar, D., Fletcher-Watson, S., Ackerman, R. A., Crompton, C. J., & Sasson, N. (2025). Verbal Collaboration in Same- and Mixed-Neurotype Groups of Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults. Autism in Adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2024.0361

Publication date: 30 Jun 2025 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
10
Publication authors identified as autistic
2 / 10 (20.0%)
  1. Sarah J. Foster *
  2. Siddhi Patel
  3. Charlotte Wilks
  4. Michelle Dodd *
  5. Rachel Maribella Calderon
  1. Danielle Ropar
  2. Sue Fletcher-Watson
  3. Robert A. Ackerman
  4. Catherine J. Crompton
  5. Noah Sasson

Abstract

Background: Research suggests that some autistic adults communicate more effectively and build stronger rapport with other autistic individuals than with non-autistic people. This suggests that outcomes for autistic people in group settings may depend on the diagnostic composition of the group. Here, we examined verbal collaboration among autistic and non-autistic adults in same- and mixed-neurotype groups during a shared task. Methods: We assigned 136 adults (73 autistic, 63 non-autistic) to 34 four-person groups: all autistic, all non-autistic, majority autistic, or majority non-autistic. To control for selective disclosure, an experimenter informed participants of their group’s diagnostic composition before the study without revealing individual diagnoses. Researchers video recorded groups during a 5-minute Jenga tower-building task, and participants reported their rapport with the group. Researchers transcribed and coded the videos for collaborative speech using a validated coding scheme. Results: Preregistered analyses revealed that autistic participants expressed more positive opinions about the group and their own contributions than did non-autistic participants. Non-autistic participants expressed more negative group evaluations and elicited more building ideas. Participants in mixed-neurotype groups directed more negativity toward others than participants in same-neurotype groups. Autistic—but not non-autistic—participants verbalized more negativity in mixed groups. Exploratory correlations revealed links between aspects of collaborative speech and rapport. Discussion: Autistic adults expressed greater overall positivity but expressed more negativity in mixed group settings. These findings support evidence that autistic people often experience better rapport in all-autistic groups and may be more sensitive to mixed group environments than non-autistic people.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:35.

Cited references
92
With a DOI
81
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
11
11 / 92 (12.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
3 / 92 (3.3%)
References with detected author names
89 / 92 (96.7%)
Without detected author names
3
Without a structured title
3
Without a stable identifier
11
References with raw author names still to review
3
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
310
From DOI or external metadata
310
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
3
142 / 310 (45.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 168 / 310 (54.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
14 / 310 (4.5%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 14 / 142 (9.9%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 11 / 244 (4.5%).
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