Social Cognition, Social Skill, and Social Motivation Minimally Predict Social Interaction Outcomes for Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Metadata sources used for this reference

OpenAlex Crossref BibTeX OpenCitations
Learn more about the sources used

Morrison, K. E., DeBrabander, K. M., Jones, D., Ackerman, R. A., & Sasson, N. (2020). Social Cognition, Social Skill, and Social Motivation Minimally Predict Social Interaction Outcomes for Autistic and Non-Autistic Adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, Article 591100. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591100

Publication date: 25 Nov 2020 Added to AutiHub: 23 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 5 (20.0%)
  1. Kerrianne E Morrison
  2. Kilee M DeBrabander
  3. Desiree Jones *
  4. Robert A Ackerman
  5. Noah Sasson

Abstract

Social cognition, social skill, and social motivation have been extensively researched and characterized as atypical in autistic people, with the assumption that each mechanistically contributes to the broader social interaction difficulties that diagnostically define the condition. Despite this assumption, research has not directly assessed whether or how these three social domains contribute to actual real-world social interaction outcomes for autistic people. The current study administered standardized measures of social cognition, social skill, and social motivation to 67 autistic and 58 non-autistic (NA) adults and assessed whether performance on these measures, both individually and relationally between dyadic partners, predicted outcomes for autistic and NA adults interacting with unfamiliar autistic and NA partners in a 5 minute unstructured “get to know you” conversation. Consistent with previous research, autistic adults scored lower than NA adults on the three social domains and were evaluated less favorably by their conversation partners. However, links between autistic adults' performance on the three social domains and their social interaction outcomes were minimal and, contrary to prediction, only the social abilities of NA adults predicted some interaction outcomes within mixed diagnostic dyads. Collectively, results suggest that reduced performance by autistic adults on standardized measures of social cognition, social skill, and social motivation do not correspond in clear and predictable ways with their real-world social interaction outcomes. They also highlight the need for the development and validation of more ecological assessments of autistic social abilities and the consideration of relational dynamics, not just individual characteristics, when assessing social disability in autism.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 23 Oct 2026 17:25.

Cited references
117
With a DOI
109
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
8
8 / 117 (6.8%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
2 / 117 (1.7%)
References with detected author names
115 / 117 (98.3%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
6
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
408
From DOI or external metadata
408
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
150 / 408 (36.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 258 / 408 (63.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
8 / 408 (2.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 8 / 150 (5.3%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 7 / 317 (2.2%).
  1. David A. Kenny (1988). “The analysis of data from two-person relationships,” . Handbook of Personal Relationships: Theory, Research and Interventions, 57.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W185188569
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. Rabi Samil Alkhaldi , Elizabeth Sheppard , Peter Mitchell (2019). Is There a Link Between Autistic People Being Perceived Unfavorably and Having a Mind That Is Difficult to Read? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(10), 3973-3982. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04101-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2949760813
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  3. Noah Sasson , Kerrianne E Morrison , Skylar Kelsven , Amy E. Pinkham (2020). Social cognition as a predictor of functional and social skills in autistic adults without intellectual disability . Autism Research, 13(2), 259-270. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2195 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2968436830
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  4. Grace T. Baranek (1999). Autism During Infancy: A Retrospective Video Analysis of Sensory-Motor and Social Behaviors at 9–12 Months of Age . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(3), 213-224. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1023080005650 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1525139037
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  5. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th Edn. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th Edn..
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  6. Eilidh Cage , Holly Burton (2019). Gender Differences in the First Impressions of Autistic Adults . Autism Research, 12(10), 1495-1504. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2191 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2968496926
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  7. Lynn Kern Koegel , Kristen Ashbaugh , Anahita Navab , Robert L. Koegel (2016). Improving Empathic Communication Skills in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(3), 921-933. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2633-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1920707705
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  8. Arthur Aron , Edward Melinat , Elaine N. Aron , Robert Darrin Vallone , Renee J. Bator (1997). The Experimental Generation of Interpersonal Closeness: A Procedure and Some Preliminary Findings . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23(4), 363-377. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0146167297234003 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2167393292
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  9. Kerrianne E Morrison , Amy E. Pinkham , Skylar Kelsven , Kelsey Ludwig , David L. Penn , Noah Sasson (2019). Psychometric Evaluation of Social Cognitive Measures for Adults with Autism . Autism Research, 12(5), 766-778. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2084 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2911817916
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  11. Kerrianne E Morrison , Amy E. Pinkham , David L. Penn , Skylar Kelsven , Kelsey Ludwig , Noah Sasson (2017). Distinct profiles of social skill in adults with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia . Autism Research, 10(5), 878-887. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.1734 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2581559915
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  12. Noah Sasson , Amy E. Pinkham , Kimberly L. H. Carpenter , Aysenil Belger (2011). The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia for revealing mechanisms of social cognitive impairment . Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3(2), 87-100. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11689-010-9068-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1970151545
    Crossref OpenAlex
  13. S. Baron-Cohen (1991). The theory of mind deficit in autism: How specific is it?* . British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 9(2), 301-314. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-835x.1991.tb00879.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2001976619
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  14. Elizabeth Redcay , Leonhard Schilbach (2019). Using second-person neuroscience to elucidate the mechanisms of social interaction . Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 20(8), 495-505. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s41583-019-0179-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2947717764
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  15. Michelle Dean , Connie Kasari , Wendy Shih , Fred Frankel , Rondalyn Whitney , Rebecca Landa et al. (2014). The peer relationships of girls with ASD at school: comparison to boys and girls with and without ASD . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(11), 1218-1225. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12242 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1977287536
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  16. Nirit Bauminger , Connie Kasari (2000). Loneliness and Friendship in High-Functioning Children with Autism . Child Development, 71(2), 447-456. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1467-8624.00156 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2007157474
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  17. Éric Fombonne (2009). Epidemiology of Pervasive Developmental Disorders . Pediatric Research, 65(6), 591-598. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e31819e7203 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2143333975
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  18. Lauren Bishop-Fitzpatrick , Nancy J. Minshew , Shaun M. Eack (2013). A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Interventions for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(3), 687-694. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1615-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1983372587
    OpenAlex
  19. Benton (1983). Facial Recognition: Stimulus and Multiple Choice Pictures: Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment . Facial Recognition: Stimulus and Multiple Choice Pictures: Contributions to Neuropsychological Assessment.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  20. Maila de Castro Lourenço das Neves , Fabien Tremeau , Rodrigo Nicolato , Hélio Lauar , Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva , Humberto Correa (2011). Facial emotion recognition deficits in relatives of children with autism are not associated with 5HTTLPR . Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 33(3), 261-267. EDITORA SCIENTIFIC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011000300009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2029911585
    OpenAlex OpenCitations
  21. Helena C. Kraemer , Carol N. Jacklin (1979). Statistical analysis of dyadic social behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 86(2), 217-224. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.217 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1986383663
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  22. Kent C Berridge , Terry E Robinson , J Wayne Aldridge (2009). Dissecting components of reward: ‘liking’, ‘wanting’, and learning . Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 9(1), 65-73. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2008.12.014 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2149514160
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  23. JOHN N. CONSTANTINO , THOMAS PRZYBECK , DARRIN FRIESEN , RICHARD D. TODD (2000). Reciprocal Social Behavior in Children With and Without Pervasive Developmental Disorders . Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 21(1), 2-11. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/00004703-200002000-00002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2087941344
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  24. Andrew Whitehouse , Kevin Durkin , Emma Jaquet , Kathryn Ziatas (2009). Friendship, loneliness and depression in adolescents with Asperger's Syndrome . Journal of Adolescence, 32(2), 309-322. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.03.004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1989846652
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  25. Diane S. Berry , Jane Sherman Hansen (1996). Positive affect, negative affect, and social interaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(4), 796-809. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.4.796 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2013844264
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  26. Noah Sasson , Kerrianne E Morrison (2019). First impressions of adults with autism improve with diagnostic disclosure and increased autism knowledge of peers . Autism, 23(1), 50-59. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361317729526 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2766361726
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  27. E. W. M. Verhoeven , I. Smeekens , R. Didden (2013). Brief Report: Suitability of the Social Skills Performance Assessment (SSPA) for the Assessment of Social Skills in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(12), 2990-2996. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1843-6 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1990844849
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  28. Ellen Berscheid , Mark Snyder , Allen M. Omoto (1989). The Relationship Closeness Inventory: Assessing the closeness of interpersonal relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(5), 792-807. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037//0022-3514.57.5.792 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2075220185
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  29. Kevin A. Pelphrey , Ralph Adolphs , James P. Morris (2004). Neuroanatomical substrates of social cognition dysfunction in autism . Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 10(4), 259-271. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.20040 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2151038382
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  30. Mirko Uljarevic , Antonia F. de C. Hamilton (2013). Recognition of Emotions in Autism: A Formal Meta-Analysis . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(7), 1517-1526. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-012-1695-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2001483327
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  31. Eva Billstedt , Carina Gillberg , Christopher Gillberg (2005). Autism after Adolescence: Population-based 13- to 22-year Follow-up Study of 120 Individuals with Autism Diagnosed in Childhood . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(3), 351-360. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-3302-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2094623935
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  32. Annemiek Palmen , Robert Didden , Hubert Korzilius (2010). Effectiveness of behavioral skills training on staff performance in a job training setting for high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorders . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(4), 731-740. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.01.012 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2028201894
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  33. D. V. M. Bishop (1998). Development of the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC): a method for assessing qualitative aspects of communicative impairment in children . J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry, 39(6), 879. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00388 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2154766895
    Crossref OpenAlex
  34. Kristen Bottema-Beutel , Haerin Park , So Yoon Kim (2018). Commentary on Social Skills Training Curricula for Individuals with ASD: Social Interaction, Authenticity, and Stigma . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(3), 953-964. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3400-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2769443102
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  35. Lauren Bishop-Fitzpatrick , Carla Mazefsky , Shaun M. Eack , Nancy J. Minshew (2017). Correlates of social functioning in autism spectrum disorder: The role of social cognition . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 35, 25-34. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2016.11.013 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2565992085
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  36. Lauren V. Usher , Catherine A. Burrows , Daniel S. Messinger , Heather A. Henderson (2018). Metaperception in Adolescents With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 533-548. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3356-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2765509887
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  37. Lauren Bishop-Fitzpatrick , Nancy J. Minshew , Shaun M. Eack (2014). A Systematic Review of Psychosocial Interventions for Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, 315-327. Springer New York.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0506-5_16 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4231041008
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  38. Felicity Sedgewick , Vivian Hill , Rhiannon Yates , Leanne Pickering , Elizabeth Pellicano (2016). Gender Differences in the Social Motivation and Friendship Experiences of Autistic and Non-autistic Adolescents . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1297-1306. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2669-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2199714476
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  39. PATRICK MARKEY , SARA LOWMASTER , WENDY EICHLER (2010). A real-time assessment of interpersonal complementarity . Personal Relationships, 17(1), 13-25. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01249.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2024986028
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  40. Dimitris Bolis , Joshua Balsters , Nicole Wenderoth , Cristina Becchio , Leonhard Schilbach (2017). Beyond Autism: Introducing the Dialectical Misattunement Hypothesis and a Bayesian Account of Intersubjectivity . Psychopathology, 50(6), 355-372. S. Karger AG.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1159/000484353 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2764030498
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  41. Elizabeth Sheppard , Dhanya Pillai , Genevieve Tze-Lynn Wong , Danielle Ropar , Peter Mitchell (2016). How Easy is it to Read the Minds of People with Autism Spectrum Disorder? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1247-1254. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2662-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2175842555
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  42. Kristen Bottema-Beutel (2017). Glimpses into the blind spot: Social interaction and autism . Journal of Communication Disorders, 68, 24-34. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.06.008 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2626374338
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  43. Coralie Chevallier , Gregor Kohls , Vanessa Troiani , Edward S. Brodkin , Robert Schultz (2012). The social motivation theory of autism . Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(4), 231-239. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.02.007 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2091028497
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  44. Christian G Kohler , Warren Bilker , Michael Hagendoorn , Raquel E Gur , Ruben C Gur (2000). Emotion recognition deficit in schizophrenia: association with symptomatology and cognition . Biological Psychiatry, 48(2), 127-136. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00847-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2034467708
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  45. Leslie Brothers (1990). The neural basis of primate social communication . Motivation and Emotion, 14(2), 81-91. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/bf00991637 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4236625859
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  46. Vanessa Bal , Catherine Lord (2014). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Module 4: Revised Algorithm and Standardized Severity Scores . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(8), 1996-2012. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2080-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2049567796
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  47. Mary Hanley , Deborah M. Riby , Teresa McCormack , Clare Carty , Lisa Coyle , Naomi Crozier et al. (2014). Attention during social interaction in children with autism: Comparison to specific language impairment, typical development, and links to social cognition . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 8(7), 908-924. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2014.03.020 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2041226471
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  48. Allison B. Ratto , Lauren Turner-Brown , Betty M. Rupp , Gary B. Mesibov , David L. Penn (2011). Development of the Contextual Assessment of Social Skills (CASS): A Role Play Measure of Social Skill for Individuals with High-Functioning Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(9), 1277-1286. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-010-1147-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2046982885
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  49. Eilidh Cage , Zoe Troxell-Whitman (2019). Understanding the Reasons, Contexts and Costs of Camouflaging for Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(5), 1899-1911. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-018-03878-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2909219349
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  50. Kerrianne E Morrison , Kilee M DeBrabander , Daniel J Faso , Noah Sasson (2019). Variability in first impressions of autistic adults made by neurotypical raters is driven more by characteristics of the rater than by characteristics of autistic adults . Autism, 23(7), 1817-1829. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318824104 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2922100205
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  51. Coralie Chevallier , Catherine Molesworth , Francesca Happé (2012). Diminished Social Motivation Negatively Impacts Reputation Management: Autism Spectrum Disorders as a Case in Point . PLoS ONE, 7(1), e31107. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031107 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2058564747
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  52. Hanne De Jaegher (2013). Embodiment and sense-making in autism . Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 7, 15. Frontiers Media SA.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2013.00015 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2062444032
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  53. Meredith Cola , Samantha Plate , Lisa Yankowitz , Victoria Petrulla , Leila Bateman , Casey J. Zampella et al. (2020). Sex differences in the first impressions made by girls and boys with autism . Molecular Autism, 11(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00336-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3035044117
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  54. Noah Sasson , Daniel J Faso , Jack Nugent , Sarah Lovell , Daniel P. Kennedy , Ruth B. Grossman (2017). Neurotypical Peers are Less Willing to Interact with Those with Autism based on Thin Slice Judgments . Scientific Reports, 7(1), 40700. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/srep40700 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2585989266
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  55. Danielle Mathersul , Skye McDonald , Jacqueline A. Rushby (2013). Understanding advanced theory of mind and empathy in high-functioning adults with autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 35(6), 655-668. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2013.809700 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2071130276
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  56. Erin A Heerey (2015). Decoding the Dyad . Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(4), 285-291. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0963721415570731 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2215597377
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  58. Jacques F. Richard , Barry H. Schneider (2005). Assessing Friendship Motivation During Preadolescence and Early Adolescence . The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(3), 367-385. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0272431605276930 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2076252164
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  59. Geraldine Dawson , Sara Jane Webb , ELLEN WIJSMAN , GERARD SCHELLENBERG , Annette M. Estes , JEFFREY MUNSON et al. (2005). Neurocognitive and electrophysiological evidence of altered face processing in parents of children with autism: Implications for a model of abnormal development of social brain circuitry in autism . Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 679-697. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0954579405050327 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2157361747
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  60. Annelies A. Spek , Evert M. Scholte , Ina A. Van Berckelaer-Onnes (2010). Theory of Mind in Adults with HFA and Asperger Syndrome . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(3), 280-289. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0860-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2129659273
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  61. Anouk Hintzen , Philippe Delespaul , Jim van Os , Inez Myin-Germeys (2010). Social needs in daily life in adults with Pervasive Developmental Disorders . Psychiatry Research, 179(1), 75-80. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.014 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2080624752
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  63. Mathias Lasgaard , Annette Nielsen , Mette E. Eriksen , Luc Goossens (2010). Loneliness and Social Support in Adolescent Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 218-226. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-009-0851-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2101718074
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  64. Amy E. Pinkham , David L. Penn (2006). Neurocognitive and social cognitive predictors of interpersonal skill in schizophrenia . Psychiatry Research, 143(2-3), 167-178. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2005.09.005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2082088355
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  65. Skye McDonald , Sharon Flanagan , Jennifer Rollins , Julianne Kinch (2003). TASIT . Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation, 18(3), 219-238. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/00001199-200305000-00001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2153221903
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  66. Ashley A. Pallathra , Lucero Cordero , Kennedy Wong , Edward S. Brodkin (2019). Psychosocial Interventions Targeting Social Functioning in Adults on the Autism Spectrum: a Literature Review . Current Psychiatry Reports, 21(1), 5. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11920-019-0989-0 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2912577220
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  68. Daniel P. Kennedy , Ralph Adolphs (2012). Perception of emotions from facial expressions in high-functioning adults with autism . Neuropsychologia, 50(14), 3313-3319. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.038 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2118698102
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  69. Eliane Deschrijver , Lara Bardi , Jan R. Wiersema , Marcel Brass (2016). Behavioral measures of implicit theory of mind in adults with high functioning autism . Cognitive Neuroscience, 7(1-4), 192-202. Informa UK Limited.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/17588928.2015.1085375 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2237212347
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  70. Ofer Golan , S. Baron-Cohen , Jacqueline J. Hill , Marion Rutherford (2007). The ‘Reading the Mind in the Voice’ Test-Revised: A Study of Complex Emotion Recognition in Adults with and Without Autism Spectrum Conditions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(6), 1096-1106. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-006-0252-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2103829528
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  71. Ami Klin , Warren Jones , Robert Schultz , Fred Volkmar , Donald Cohen (2002). Visual Fixation Patterns During Viewing of Naturalistic Social Situations as Predictors of Social Competence in Individuals With Autism . Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(9), 809. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.9.809 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2096704400
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  72. Rosanna Edey , Jennifer Cook , Rebecca Brewer , Mark H. Johnson , Geoffrey Bird , Clare Press (2016). Interaction takes two: Typical adults exhibit mind-blindness towards those with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(7), 879-885. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/abn0000199 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2517906838
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  73. Francesca Happé (1994). An advanced test of theory of mind: Understanding of story characters' thoughts and feelings by able autistic, mentally handicapped, and normal children and adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24(2), 129-154. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/bf02172093 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2116139040
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  74. Daniel J Faso , Conrad A Corretti , Robert A Ackerman , Noah Sasson (2016). The broad autism phenotype predicts relationship outcomes in newly formed college roommates . Autism, 20(4), 412-424. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361315585733 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2118416861
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  75. Sue Fletcher-Watson , Catherine J. Crompton (2019). Autistic people may lack social motivation, without being any less human . Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 42, e88. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x18002406 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2963516436
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  76. Noah Sasson , Rachel B Nowlin , Amy E. Pinkham (2013). Social cognition, social skill, and the broad autism phenotype . Autism, 17(6), 655-667. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361312455704 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2112859927
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  77. Ruth B Grossman (2015). Judgments of social awkwardness from brief exposure to children with and without high-functioning autism . Autism, 19(5), 580-587. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361314536937 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2114929102
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  78. Heather D. Garman , Christine J. Spaulding , Sara Jane Webb , Amori Yee Mikami , James P. Morris , Matthew D Lerner (2016). Wanting it Too Much: An Inverse Relation Between Social Motivation and Facial Emotion Recognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder . Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(6), 890-902. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10578-015-0620-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2223449666
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  79. Ami Klin , Sara S. Sparrow , Annelies de Bildt , Domenic V. Cicchetti , Donald J. Cohen , Fred R. Volkmar (1999). A Normed Study of Face Recognition in Autism and Related Disorders . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(6), 499-508. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1022299920240 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2164623611
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  80. Jacquelyn A. Gates , Erin Kang , Matthew D Lerner (2017). Efficacy of group social skills interventions for youth with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Clinical Psychology Review, 52, 164-181. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.01.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2579147877
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  81. Catherine Lord , Susan Risi , Linda Lambrecht , Edwin H. Cook , Bennett L. Leventhal , Pamela C. DiLavore et al. (2000). The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule—Generic: A Standard Measure of Social and Communication Deficits Associated with the Spectrum of Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30(3), 205-223. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1005592401947 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2144446993
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  82. Patrick M. Markey , Charlotte N. Markey (2007). Romantic ideals, romantic obtainment, and relationship experiences . Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 24(4), 517-533. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0265407507079241 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2116366083
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  84. Noah Sasson , Amy E. Pinkham , Lauren P. Weittenhiller , Daniel J Faso , Claire Simpson (2016). Context Effects on Facial Affect Recognition in Schizophrenia and Autism: Behavioral and Eye-Tracking Evidence . Schizophrenia Bulletin, 42(3), 675-683. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv176 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2202453598
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  85. Shawn Powell , Roger Plamondon , Paul Retzlaff (2002). Screening Cognitive Abilities in Adults with Developmental Disabilities: Correlations of the K-BIT, PPVT-3, WRAT-3, and CVLT . Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 14(3), 239-246. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1023/a:1016084604822 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2346642471
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  86. R. C. M. Philip , H. C. Whalley , Andrew C. Stanfield , R. Sprengelmeyer , I. M. Santos , A. W. Young et al. (2010). Deficits in facial, body movement and vocal emotional processing in autism spectrum disorders . Psychological Medicine, 40(11), 1919-1929. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291709992364 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2118609301
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  87. Jessica E. Granieri , Morgan L. McNair , Alan H. Gerber , Rebecca F Reifler , Matthew D Lerner (2020). Atypical social communication is associated with positive initial impressions among peers with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 24(7), 1841-1848. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320924906 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3033751318
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  89. Gary H. McClelland , Julie R. Irwin , David Disatnik , Liron Sivan (2017). Multicollinearity is a red herring in the search for moderator variables: A guide to interpreting moderated multiple regression models and a critique of Iacobucci, Schneider, Popovich, and Bakamitsos (2016) . Behavior Research Methods, 49(1), 394-402. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0785-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2513268910
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  90. Matthew D Lerner , Amori Y. Mikami (2012). A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Social Skills Interventions for Youth With High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders . Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 27(3), 147-157. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1088357612450613 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2119621460
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  91. Thomas L Patterson , Sherry Moscona , Christine L McKibbin , Kevin Davidson , Dilip V Jeste (2001). Social skills performance assessment among older patients with schizophrenia . Schizophrenia Research, 48(2-3), 351-360. Elsevier BV.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(00)00109-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2122267892
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  92. Karen Pierce , David Conant , Roxana Hazin , Richard Stoner , Jamie Desmond (2011). Preference for Geometric Patterns Early in Life as a Risk Factor for Autism . Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(1), 101. American Medical Association (AMA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.113 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2122623425
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  94. Laura Hull , William Mandy , K.V. Petrides (2017). Behavioural and cognitive sex/gender differences in autism spectrum condition and typically developing males and females . Autism, 21(6), 706-727. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361316669087 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2620634929
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  95. Robert M. Joseph , James W. Tanaka (2003). Holistic and part‐based face recognition in children with autism . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(4), 529-542. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00142 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2131472554
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  96. Erin A. Heerey , Ann M. Kring (2007). Interpersonal consequences of social anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116(1), 125-134. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.116.1.125 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2143592362
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  97. T. Wykes , C. Steel , B. Everitt , N. Tarrier (2007). Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Schizophrenia: Effect Sizes, Clinical Models, and Methodological Rigor . Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), 523-537. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbm114 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2140526915
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  98. Eric Hehman , Clare A. M. Sutherland , Jessica K. Flake , Michael L. Slepian (2017). The unique contributions of perceiver and target characteristics in person perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(4), 513-529. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/pspa0000090 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2611965405
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  99. Julie Lounds Taylor , Natalie A Henninger , Marsha R Mailick (2015). Longitudinal patterns of employment and postsecondary education for adults with autism and average-range IQ . Autism, 19(7), 785-793. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361315585643 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2184206567
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  100. Cara M Keifer , Amori Yee Mikami , James P Morris , Erin J. Libsack , Matthew D Lerner (2020). Prediction of social behavior in autism spectrum disorders: Explicit versus implicit social cognition . Autism, 24(7), 1758-1772. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320922058 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3028640378
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  101. Micah O. Mazurek (2014). Loneliness, friendship, and well-being in adults with autism spectrum disorders . Autism, 18(3), 223-232. SAGE Publications.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361312474121 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2161515436
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  102. Kenny (2006). Dyadic Data Analysis. Methodology in the Social Sciences . Dyadic Data Analysis. Methodology in the Social Sciences.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  103. Noah Sasson , Amy E. Pinkham , Kimberly L. H. Carpenter , Aysenil Belger (2011). The benefit of directly comparing autism and schizophrenia for revealing mechanisms of social cognitive impairment . Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 3(2), 87-100. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11689-010-9068-x 10.17615/dvtt-d581
    OpenCitations
  104. Douglas W. Nangle , Rachel L. Grover , Lauren J. Holleb , Michael Cassano , Jessica Fales (2010). Defining Competence and Identifying Target Skills . In Practioner's Guide to Empirically Based Measures of Social Skills (pp. 3-19). Springer New York.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0609-0_1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2207729431
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  105. Lucy A Livingston , Emma Colvert , the Social Relationships Study Team , Patrick Bolton , Francesca Happé (2019). Good social skills despite poor theory of mind: exploring compensation in autism spectrum disorder . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(1), 102-110. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12886 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2794780919
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  106. Faith B. Dickerson (1999). Handbook of Social Functioning in Schizophrenia. The Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 187(3), 193. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/00005053-199903000-00012 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2334951644
    OpenAlex
  107. Jennifer M. Moriuchi , Ami Klin , Warren Jones (2017). Mechanisms of Diminished Attention to Eyes in Autism . American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(1), 26-35. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.15091222 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2556731859
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  108. Milton (2017). A Mismatch of Salience: Explorations of the Nature of Autism from Theory to Practice . A Mismatch of Salience: Explorations of the Nature of Autism from Theory to Practice..
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  109. Maila de Castro Lourenço das Neves , Fabien Tremeau , Rodrigo Nicolato , Hélio Lauar , Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva , Humberto Correa (2011). Facial emotion recognition deficits in relatives of children with autism are not associated with 5HTTLPR . Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 33(3), 261-267. EDITORA SCIENTIFIC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462011005000018
    Crossref OpenCitations
  110. Melisa Stevanovic , Pentti Henttonen , Sonja Koski , Mikko Kahri , Liisa Voutilainen , Emmi Koskinen et al. (2017). On the Asperger experience of interaction: Interpersonal dynamics in dyadic conversations . Journal of Autism, 4(1), 2. Herbert Publications PVT LTD.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.7243/2054-992x-4-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2601480858
    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
  111. Kim T. Mueser , Alan S. Bellack (1998). “Social skills and social functioning,” . Handbook of Social Functioning in Schizophrenia, 79.
    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2886747782
    Crossref OpenAlex
  113. Lucy A Livingston , Punit Shah , Victoria Milner , Francesca Happé (2020). Quantifying compensatory strategies in adults with and without diagnosed autism . Molecular Autism, 11(1), 1. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0308-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2995930586
    OpenAlex
  114. Wechsler (2011). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence–Second Edition (WASI-II) . Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence–Second Edition (WASI-II).
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  115. (1989). Handbook of personal relationships: theory, research, and interventions . Choice Reviews Online, 26(08), 26-4772-26-4772. American Library Association.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.5860/choice.26-4772 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4231937661
    OpenAlex
  116. Wilkinson (1993). Wide Range Achievement Test . Wide Range Achievement Test.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  117. Bruce Caplan (2018). Wide Range Achievement Test-4 . In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology (pp. 1-3). Springer International Publishing.
    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_3000-2 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4236888944
    OpenAlex