Impairment or difference? The case of Theory of Mind abilities and pragmatic competence in the Autism Spectrum

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Marocchini, E. (2023). Impairment or difference? The case of Theory of Mind abilities and pragmatic competence in the Autism Spectrum. Applied Psycholinguistics, 44(3), 365-383. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0142716423000024

Publication date: 1 Feb 2023 Added to AutiHub: 27 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
1
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 1 (100.0%)
  1. Eleonora Marocchini *

Abstract

Abstract Psycholinguistic research on pragmatics in the neurotypical population has increasingly framed pragmatic competence and related cognitive skills in terms of individual differences, co-constructed discourse, and meaning negotiation. However, research on pragmatics in the Autism Spectrum has risen from a wide and biased view of autistic communication as fundamentally compromised and autistic pragmatic abilities as impaired. Mostly due to the impactful theory of a deficit in Theory of Mind, early research on autistic communication presumed a unitary pragmatic impairment, only to find that several pragmatic abilities seem to be “preserved.” However, the interpretation of these findings usually takes an ableist turn, as most studies subsequently suggest that surface-level performance should not be interpreted as competence, but rather as a result of “compensatory” strategies. The raising number of contributions from autistic academics and participatory research enriched the field with new perspectives focusing on differences rather than impairments and drawing hypotheses on communication difficulties between neurotypes rather than within a specific neurotype. However, such contributions are hardly ever cited in the most prominent works. In conclusion, the field would benefit from a higher level of citation of autistic-led research and from an epistemological perspective shift within the mostly neurotypical academic community.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 08:13.

Cited references
104
With a DOI
100
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
3
12 / 104 (11.5%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 104 (1.0%)
References with detected author names
103 / 104 (99.0%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
1
Without a stable identifier
3
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
331
From DOI or external metadata
331
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
7
106 / 331 (32.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 225 / 331 (68.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
14 / 331 (4.2%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 14 / 106 (13.2%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 9 / 283 (3.2%).
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