Empirical failures of the claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind.

Gernsbacher, M. A. & Yergeau, M. (2019). Empirical failures of the claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 7(1), 102-118. https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000067

Publication date: 9 Dec 2019 Added to AutiHub: 9 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: English

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Authors

Publication authors
2
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 2 (50.0%)

Abstract

The claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind-that they fail to understand that other people have a mind or that they themselves have a mind-pervades psychology. This article (a) reviews empirical evidence that fails to support the claim that autistic people are uniquely impaired, much less that all autistic people are universally impaired, on theory-of-mind tasks; (b) highlights original findings that have failed to replicate; (c) documents multiple instances in which the various theory-of-mind tasks fail to relate to each other and fail to account for autistic traits, social interaction, and empathy; (c) summarizes a large body of data, collected by researchers working outside the theory-of-mind rubric, that fails to support assertions made by researchers working inside the theory-of-mind rubric; and (d) concludes that the claim that autistic people lack a theory of mind is empirically questionable and societally harmful.

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Cited references
264
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
4 / 264 (1.5%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
4 / 863 (0.5%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 4 / 150 (2.7%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 2 / 684 (0.3%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
150 / 863 (17.4%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 54 / 684 (7.9%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
146 / 150 (97.3%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 146 / 863 (16.9%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 52 / 54 (96.3%).
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