Neurodiversity and double empathy: can empathy disconnects be mitigated to support autistic belonging?

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

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Finke, E. H. & Dunn, D. (2023). Neurodiversity and double empathy: can empathy disconnects be mitigated to support autistic belonging? Disability & Society, 40(3), 727-750. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2023.2295802

Publication date: 23 Dec 2023 Added to AutiHub: 13 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
2
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 2 (50.0%)
  1. Erinn H. Finke
  2. Danny Dunn *

Abstract

Within disability studies in general, and autism research in particular, a neurodiverse perspective has been gaining traction. Since the 1990s, and with increasing intensity recently, the neurodiversity movement has reshaped narratives about autism, has refocused research priorities, as well as the ways supports are conceived and delivered. The neurodiversity movement has brought autistic-led theories to the center of research agendas including the Double Empathy theory. Most of the double empathy theory research to date has examined communication patterns between less familiar partners, but there is so much more to learn. The purpose of this paper is to (a) review the science relative to communication and social interaction, the double empathy theory, and belonging for autistic people, (b) consider the future of autistic wellbeing through prioritizing belonging, (c) examine intersubjectivity, meaning making, and empathy as factors in belonging, and (d) propose a framework for reducing empathy disconnects in cross-neurotype interactions.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 19 Sep 2026 07:57.

Cited references
101
With a DOI
74
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
24
20 / 101 (19.8%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
8 / 101 (7.9%)
References with detected author names
95 / 101 (94.1%)
Without detected author names
6
Without a structured title
7
Without a stable identifier
21
References with raw author names still to review
5
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
219
From DOI or external metadata
219
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
5
92 / 219 (42.0%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 127 / 219 (58.0%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
25 / 219 (11.4%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 25 / 92 (27.2%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 18 / 180 (10.0%).
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