Psychosocial factors associated with camouflaging in autistic people and its relationship with mental health and well-being: A mixed methods systematic review

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Zhuang, S., Tan, D. W., Reddrop, S., Dean, L., Maybery, M., & Magiati, I. (2023). Psychosocial factors associated with camouflaging in autistic people and its relationship with mental health and well-being: A mixed methods systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 105, 102335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102335

Publication date: 13 Sep 2023 Added to AutiHub: 30 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 6 (16.7%)
  1. Sici Zhuang
  2. Diana Weiting Tan
  3. Susan Reddrop
  1. Lydia Dean *
  2. Murray Maybery
  3. Iliana Magiati

Abstract

Camouflaging involves hiding one's autistic characteristics in social situations. This mixed methods systematic review synthesized research on psychosocial factors associated with camouflaging and its relationship with mental well-being. Six databases were searched. The 58 included studies (40 qualitative, 13 quantitative, five mixed methods), encompassed 4808 autistic and 1780 non-autistic participants, and predominantly featured White, female, and late-diagnosed autistic adults with likely at least average intellectual and/or verbal abilities. Following a convergent integrated approach, quantitative data were transformed and synthesized with qualitative data for thematic synthesis. We identified three themes on psychosocial correlates of camouflaging: (1) social norms and pressures of a largely non-autistic world, (2) social acceptance and rejection, and (3) self-esteem and identity; and four themes on psychosocial consequences of camouflaging for well-being: (1) a pragmatic way of exerting individual agency and control; (2) overlooked, under-supported, and burnt out; (3) impact on social relationships; and (4) low self-esteem and identity confusion. Camouflaging emerges as primarily a socially motivated response linked to adverse psychosocial outcomes. A whole society approach towards acceptance and support for autistic individuals to express their authentic selves is needed. Future studies examining psychosocial influences on camouflaging should include participants who more broadly represent the autistic population.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 18:16.

Cited references
139
With a DOI
117
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
21
22 / 139 (15.8%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
0 / 139 (0.0%)
References with detected author names
139 / 139 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
19
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
501
From DOI or external metadata
501
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
264 / 501 (52.7%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 237 / 501 (47.3%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
29 / 501 (5.8%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 29 / 264 (11.0%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 22 / 393 (5.6%).
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