Autistic people’s experience of camouflaging and autistic burnout in relation to one another: A systematic review

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Osborne, C., Barker, J., Cole, A., & Russell, R. (2026). Autistic people’s experience of camouflaging and autistic burnout in relation to one another: A systematic review. Research in Neurodiversity, 2, 100025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rin.2026.100025

Publication date: 14 Apr 2026 Added to AutiHub: 25 Aug 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Clarissa Osborne *
  2. Joseph Barker
  3. Amber Cole
  4. Rachel Russell

Abstract

An association between camouflaging and autistic burnout has been described qualitatively by autistic people but there have been limitations to empirically measuring this. This review aimed to synthesise qualitative data to understand how camouflaging and autistic burnout are experienced in relation to one another by autistic people. A systematic search of five databases and reference lists identified 14 studies to be included in the review. Each included study was appraised for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A narrative synthesis with thematic analysis was used to synthesise the qualitative data. Four themes with two subthemes were found: ‘the energy cost of camouflaging’; ‘burnout: camouflaging takes its toll’ with the subtheme ‘too drained to disguise’; ‘time and space to recharge’ with the subtheme ‘unmasking is a balancing act’; and ‘the autistic struggle’. Confidence in these findings was assessed using the GRADE-CERQual approach and relationships between the themes were explored using concept mapping. Implications for clinicians supporting autistic people and areas for further research are discussed. • This review emphasises the role of camouflaging in autistic burnout, with implications for clinicians working with autistic adults. • Camouflaging is experienced as energy draining and exhausting, potentially explaining its progression to autistic burnout without time and space to recharge. • The concept of unmasking was presented as both a proactive strategy to manage energy levels and a forced experience subsequent to the onset of autistic burnout, leading to conflicting outcomes. • Further research is needed to explore directly how camouflaging and autistic burnout are experienced in relation to one another by autistic people.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 12 Sep 2026 17:55.

Cited references
86
With a DOI
74
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
12
18 / 86 (20.9%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 86 (5.8%)
References with detected author names
81 / 86 (94.2%)
Without detected author names
5
Without a structured title
5
Without a stable identifier
12
References with raw author names still to review
5
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
312
From DOI or external metadata
312
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
5
177 / 312 (56.7%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 135 / 312 (43.3%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
27 / 312 (8.7%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 27 / 177 (15.3%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 20 / 240 (8.3%).
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