Revue systématique et méta-analyse de l’empathie dans l’autisme : l’influence des mesures

Titre original en anglais : A systematic review and meta-analysis of empathy in autism: The influence of measures

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Cusson, N., Meilleur, A., Bernhardt, B. C., Soulières, I., & Mottron, L. (2025). A systematic review and meta-analysis of empathy in autism: The influence of measures. Clinical Psychology Review, 120, 102623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102623

Date de publication: 24/07/2025 Ajout dans AutiHub: 11/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Noémie Cusson *
  2. Alexa Meilleur
  3. Boris C. Bernhardt
  4. Isabelle Soulières
  5. Laurent Mottron

Résumé

Les déficits d’empathie sont considérés comme un attribut central de l’autisme et sont évalués dans des instruments diagnostiques standardisés de l’autisme. Toutefois, les données empiriques concernant l’empathie dans l’autisme sont contradictoires. Cette revue systématique, qui a inclus 226 études, offre donc une vue d’ensemble complète de l’empathie dans l’autisme. Elle a également examiné l’impact de la mesure d’empathie choisie et l’effet de plusieurs modérateurs. Les résultats révèlent une taille d’effet importante pour l’empathie cognitive (g = -0.85) et l’empathie unidimensionnelle (g = -1.70), mais seulement une faible taille d’effet pour l’empathie affective (g = -0.17), qui est devenue non significative lorsque les analyses étaient limitées aux études de haute qualité. Les méta-régressions suggèrent que l’année de publication, la qualité des études, l’alexithymie, le QI verbal et l’âge ne modèrent pas l’empathie, tandis que le sexe modère spécifiquement l’empathie unidimensionnelle. Fait essentiel, des différences notables ont été observées entre les tailles d’effet obtenues selon les mesures d’empathie, et même entre les sous-échelles d’une même mesure. Par exemple, les résultats des sous-échelles d’empathie affective de l’Interpersonal Reactivity Index révèlent une préoccupation empathique plus faible (g = -0.59), mais une détresse personnelle accrue (g = 0.67), chez les participants autistes par rapport aux participants typiques. Une revue qualitative des tâches écologiques et de neuroimagerie a principalement mis en évidence des différences minimes entre les personnes autistes et non autistes. Cette méta-analyse suggère donc que la mesure de l’empathie comme construit unidimensionnel peut à la fois déformer et accroître la notion d’un déficit d’empathie dans l’autisme.

Empathy deficits are considered a core attribute of autism and are scored in standardized autism diagnostic instruments. However, empirical evidence concerning empathy in autism is contradictory. This systematic review, which included 226 studies, thus offers a comprehensive overview of empathy in autism. It additionally examined the impact of the chosen empathy measure and the effect of several moderators. The results reveal a large effect size for cognitive empathy (g = -0.85) and unidimensional empathy (g = -1.70), but only a small effect size for affective empathy (g = -0.17), which became non-significant when limiting analyses to high-quality studies. Meta-regressions suggest that publication year, study quality, alexithymia, verbal IQ, and age do not moderate empathy, whereas sex specifically moderates unidimensional empathy. Critically, there were notable differences in effect sizes obtained across empathy measures and even between subscales of the same measure. For instance, results for the affective empathy subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index reveal lower empathic concern (g = -0.59) but increased personal distress (g = 0.67) in autistic relative to typical participants. A qualitative review of ecological and neuroimaging tasks mostly demonstrated minimal autistic versus non-autistic differences. This meta-analysis thus suggests that measuring empathy as a unidimensional construct may both distort and increase the notion of an empathy deficit in autism.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 12/09/2026 01:05.

Références citées
172
Avec un DOI
158
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
13
4 / 172 (2,3 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
4 / 172 (2,3 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
171 / 172 (99,4 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
1
Sans titre structuré
3
Sans identifiant stable
11
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
0
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
742
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
742
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
0
116 / 742 (15,6 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 626 / 742 (84,4 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
4 / 742 (0,5 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 4 / 116 (3,4 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 4 / 637 (0,6 %).
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