Positif, négatif, neutre — ou inconnu ? La valence perçue des émotions exprimées par de jeunes enfants autistes dans un nouveau contexte adapté à l'autisme

Titre original en anglais : Positive, negative, neutral—or unknown? The perceived valence of emotions expressed by young autistic children in a novel context suited to autism

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Jacques, C., Courchesne, V., Mineau, S., Dawson, M., & Mottron, L. (2022). Positive, negative, neutral—or unknown? The perceived valence of emotions expressed by young autistic children in a novel context suited to autism. Autism, 26(7), 1833-1848. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613211068221

Date de publication: 16/02/2022 Ajout dans AutiHub: 03/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
5
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 5 (20,0 %)
  1. Claudine Jacques
  2. Valérie Courchesne
  3. Suzanne Mineau
  4. Michelle Dawson *
  5. Laurent Mottron

Résumé

Dès le début de la vie, les personnes autistes sont caractérisées comme ayant des expressions faciales atypiques, ainsi qu'un affect positif diminué et un affect négatif accru. La littérature sur les expressions faciales autistes reste toutefois limitée, avec des méthodes et des résultats disparates suggérant une compréhension limitée des émotions autistes courantes. En outre, contrairement aux émotions des personnes non autistes, les émotions des personnes autistes ont été évaluées sans tenir compte des caractéristiques de cette population. Dans cette étude, la valence des expressions faciales de jeunes enfants a donc été évaluée comme positive, négative, neutre ou « inconnue » — un terme désignant les émotions perçues que les observateurs ne comprennent pas. Les expressions faciales ont été évaluées à l'aide de la Montreal Stimulating Play Situation, un contexte intégrant des intérêts autistes potentiels. En comparant 37 jeunes enfants autistes et 39 jeunes enfants typiques appariés selon l'âge (27 à 56 mois), nous n'avons constaté aucune différence entre les groupes concernant les émotions positives, négatives et neutres exprimées. Nous avons constaté des différences concernant les émotions inconnues, qui étaient propres au groupe autiste. Des données préliminaires ont également montré que les comportements répétitifs des enfants autistes coexistaient avec des émotions positives, neutres et inconnues, mais non avec des émotions négatives. Dans un nouveau contexte qui tient compte de leurs caractéristiques, nous n'avons pas constaté d'émotions positives diminuées ni d'émotions négatives accrues chez les jeunes enfants autistes. Ils exprimaient plutôt, de manière unique, des émotions perçues comme inconnues, ce qui montre la nécessité d'améliorer notre compréhension de l'ensemble de leur répertoire émotionnel. Résumé grand public Les personnes autistes sont considérées comme ayant des émotions trop négatives et insuffisamment positives, dès le début de la vie. Leurs expressions faciales sont également constamment jugées inhabituelles, comme en témoignent les critères utilisés pour identifier l'autisme. Mais il est possible que les expressions faciales autistes courantes soient mal comprises par les observateurs, comme le suggèrent divers résultats de recherche. Une autre question est que les émotions autistes ont toujours été évaluées dans des contextes adaptés aux personnes non autistes. Dans notre étude, les expressions faciales de jeunes enfants autistes et typiques ont été évaluées comme positives, négatives, neutres ou « inconnues » — une catégorie que nous avons créée pour les émotions que les observateurs remarquent mais ne comprennent pas. Ces émotions ont été évaluées à l'aide d'un contexte adapté aux enfants autistes, comprenant des objets susceptibles de les intéresser. Nous avons constaté que, dans ce contexte, les enfants autistes et typiques ne différaient pas quant aux émotions faciales positives, négatives ou neutres. Ils différaient concernant les émotions inconnues, qui n'ont été observées que chez les enfants autistes. Nous avons également constaté que les comportements répétitifs chez les enfants autistes coexistaient avec des émotions positives, neutres et inconnues, mais non avec des émotions négatives. Dans un contexte adapté à leurs caractéristiques, les enfants autistes ne montrent pas d'émotions trop négatives ou insuffisamment positives. Ils montrent des émotions perçues comme inconnues, ce qui signifie que nous devons améliorer notre compréhension de l'ensemble de leur répertoire émotionnel.

Starting early in life, autistics are characterized as having atypical facial expressions, as well as decreased positive and increased negative affect. The literature on autistic facial expressions remains small, however, with disparate methods and results suggesting limited understanding of common autistic emotions. Furthermore, unlike non-autistics’ emotions, autistics’ emotions have been assessed without considering this population’s characteristics. In this study, the valence of young children’s facial expressions was thus rated as positive, negative, neutral, or “unknown”—a term for perceived emotions observers do not understand. Facial expressions were assessed using the Montreal Stimulating Play Situation, a context incorporating potential autistic interests. Comparing 37 autistic and 39 typical young (27–56 months) age-matched children, we found no group differences in expressed positive, negative, and neutral emotions. We did find differences in unknown emotions, which were unique to the autistic group. Preliminary data also showed that autistic children’s repetitive behaviors co-occurred with positive, neutral, and unknown emotions, but not with negative emotions. In a novel context that considers their characteristics, we did not find decreased positive or increased negative emotions in young autistic children. Instead, they uniquely expressed emotions perceived as unknown, showing the need to improve our understanding of their full emotional repertoire. Lay abstract Autistic people are believed to have emotions that are too negative and not positive enough, starting early in life. Their facial expressions are also persistently judged to be unusual, as reflected in criteria used to identify autism. But it is possible that common autistic facial expressions are poorly understood by observers, as suggested by a range of findings from research. Another issue is that autistic emotions have always been assessed in contexts suited to non-autistics. In our study, the facial expressions of young autistic and typical children were rated as positive, negative, neutral, or “unknown”—a category we created for emotions that observers notice but do not understand. These emotions were assessed using a context suited to autistic children, including objects of potential interest to them. We found that in this context, autistic and typical children did not differ in positive, negative, or neutral facial emotions. They did differ in unknown emotions, which were found only in autistic children. We also found that repetitive behaviors in autistic children co-occurred with positive, neutral, and unknown emotions, but not with negative emotions. In a context which suits their characteristics, autistic children do not show emotions that are too negative or not positive enough. They do show emotions perceived as unknown, which means we need to improve our understanding of their full emotional repertoire.

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
91
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
4 / 91 (4,4 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
4 / 410 (1,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 4 / 85 (4,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 1 / 340 (0,3 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
85 / 410 (20,7 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 61 / 340 (17,9 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
81 / 85 (95,3 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 81 / 410 (19,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 60 / 61 (98,4 %).
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