“A Combination of Everything”: A Mixed-Methods Approach to the Factors that Autistic People Consider Important in Suicidality

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. two authors of this publication are identified as autistic in the project.

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Moseley, R. L., Marsden, S. J., Allison, C. T., Parsons, T. A., Cassidy, S., Procyshyn, T., Pelton, M., Weir, E., Chikaura, T., Mosse, D., Hall, I., Owens, L., Cheyette, J., Crichton, D., Rodgers, J., Hodges, H., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2026). “A Combination of Everything”: A Mixed-Methods Approach to the Factors that Autistic People Consider Important in Suicidality. Autism in Adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1177/25739581251371393

Publication date: 2 Feb 2026 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
17
Publication authors identified as autistic
2 / 17 (11.8%)
  1. Rachel L. Moseley *
  2. Sarah J. Marsden
  3. Carrie T. Allison
  4. Tracey A. Parsons *
  5. Sarah Cassidy
  6. Tanya Procyshyn
  1. Mirabel Pelton
  2. Elizabeth Weir
  3. Tanatswa Chikaura
  4. David Mosse
  5. Ian Hall
  6. Lewis Owens
  1. Jon Cheyette
  2. David Crichton
  3. Jacqui Rodgers
  4. Holly Hodges
  5. Simon Baron-Cohen

Abstract

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death for autistic people, but inadequately explained by theories derived in non-autistic populations. Autistic people's perceptions of the factors underpinning suicidal experiences are vital for guiding conceptual understanding, risk assessment, and policy and clinical practice towards preventing suicide. Methods: We recruited 1369 autistic participants for an online survey designed through consultation with autistic people. Participants were 326 cisgender men, 718 cisgender women, and 325 transgender or gender-divergent individuals, ranging from 16-89 years old. We asked them to rate the importance of 19 contributing factors to their suicidal thoughts and feelings, and enter their own explanations of additional factors if desired. Alongside thematically analysing this qualitative data, we examined whether ratings of contributing factors differed by age and gender, and whether ratings statistically predicted levels of lifetime suicidality. Results: Loneliness, feelings of worthlessness/failure, hopelessness and mental illness were the highest rated contributing factors to suicidal thoughts and feelings, particularly by autistic women and sex/gender minorities; ratings also differed by age. Qualitative responses indicated the complexity of suicidality, wherein autistic status influenced both the nature of the stressors (e.g. societal stigma) and cognitive-emotional states (e.g. feeling disconnected through feeling different to others) that participants identified. Greater perceived importance of bullying, difficulties accessing support and past trauma characterised participants with experience of suicide plans or attempts. Conclusion: While some of the experiences and mental states identified by participants resembled those identified in non-autistic groups, the psychological profile of autistic participants and their experiences of marginalisation appeared to heavily contextualise expressions of hopelessness, burdensomeness, worthlessness, loneliness and entrapment. Autistic people vary with regards the factors perceived to underpin suicidality. However, associations between suicidality and the perceived importance of bullying, trauma, and inability to access support highlight the necessity of societal and systemic change to prevent suicide.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 16:12.

Cited references
81
With a DOI
73
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
8
18 / 81 (22.2%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 81 (6.2%)
References with detected author names
76 / 81 (93.8%)
Without detected author names
5
Without a structured title
5
Without a stable identifier
8
References with raw author names still to review
5
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
480
From DOI or external metadata
480
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
5
266 / 480 (55.4%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 214 / 480 (44.6%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
27 / 480 (5.6%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 27 / 266 (10.2%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 19 / 362 (5.2%).
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