Introduction aux Études critiques en autisme (ÉCA) issues de la recherche anglophone
Lefebvre, M. E., Chown, N., & Martin, N. (2023). Introduction aux Études critiques en autisme (ÉCA) issues de la recherche anglophone. Canadian Journal of Disability Studies, 12(1), 59-116. https://doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v12i1.972
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Authors
Abstract
Ces dernières années, un corpus émergent d’Études critiques en autisme (ÉCA) s’est développé dans le but de coconstruire des connaissances scientifiques avec et pour les communautés autistes. Alors que la plupart des ÉCA proviennent du Royaume-Uni et de l’Australie (p. ex., Chown et collab., 2017; Pellicano et collab., 2014), très peu d’entre elles découlent de la recherche en français. Afin de combler cette lacune, cet article vise à introduire les ÉCA dans la littérature scientifique en français. Nous commençons par présenter les fondements à l’origine du mouvement pour la neurodiversité dans lequel les ÉCA s’inscrivent (Chamak, 2010; Nicolaidis, 2012). Ensuite, nous proposons un survol des théories importantes dans la recherche en autisme, soit le modèle médical et le modèle social du handicap (Chamak, 2010, Rosqvist et collab., 2019). Nous poursuivons en décrivant les principes des ÉCA, soit: la reconnaissance des dynamiques de pouvoir, la mise en relief de la contribution des personnes autistes et l’adaptation de l’environnement d’enquête (Fletcher-Watson et collab., 2019; Pickard et collab., 2021; Rosqvist et collab., 2019; Waltz, 2006). Au regard de ces postulats, nous discutons des obstacles potentiels en lien avec le développement des relations de confiance, les exigences pratiques et l’investissement financier nécessaire, tous indispensables pour soutenir les méthodes collaboratives (Pickard et collab., 2021; Rosqvist et collab., 2019). Cet article se conclut par des pistes de réflexion qui vont au-delà de la recherche: le changement de langage associé à l’autisme (Fletcher-Watson et collab., 2019; Woods, 2017) et la modification environnementale pour l’inclusion des personnes neurodivergentes (Fletcher-Watson et collab., 2019).
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