Examining the latent structure and correlates of sensory reactivity in autism: a multi-site integrative data analysis by the autism sensory research consortium

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Williams, Z. J., Schaaf, R., Ausderau, K., Baranek, G. T., Barrett, D. J., Cascio, C. J., Dumont, R. L., Eyoh, E. E., Failla, M. D., Feldman, J. I., Foss‐Feig, J. H., Green, H. L., Green, S. A., He, J., Kaplan-Kahn, E. A., Keçeli-Kaysılı, B., MacLennan, K., Mailloux, Z., Marco, E. J.,..., & Woynaroski, T. G. (2023). Examining the latent structure and correlates of sensory reactivity in autism: a multi-site integrative data analysis by the autism sensory research consortium. Molecular Autism, 14(1), 31-31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-023-00563-4

Publication date: 27 Aug 2023 Added to AutiHub: 7 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English

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Authors

Publication authors
33
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 33 (3.0%)

Abstract

Abstract Background Differences in responding to sensory stimuli, including sensory hyperreactivity (HYPER), hyporeactivity (HYPO), and sensory seeking (SEEK) have been observed in autistic individuals across sensory modalities, but few studies have examined the structure of these “supra-modal” traits in the autistic population. Methods Leveraging a combined sample of 3868 autistic youth drawn from 12 distinct data sources (ages 3–18 years and representing the full range of cognitive ability), the current study used modern psychometric and meta-analytic techniques to interrogate the latent structure and correlates of caregiver-reported HYPER, HYPO, and SEEK within and across sensory modalities. Bifactor statistical indices were used to both evaluate the strength of a “general response pattern” factor for each supra-modal construct and determine the added value of “modality-specific response pattern” scores (e.g., Visual HYPER). Bayesian random-effects integrative data analysis models were used to examine the clinical and demographic correlates of all interpretable HYPER, HYPO, and SEEK (sub)constructs. Results All modality-specific HYPER subconstructs could be reliably and validly measured, whereas certain modality-specific HYPO and SEEK subconstructs were psychometrically inadequate when measured using existing items. Bifactor analyses supported the validity of a supra-modal HYPER construct (ω H =.800) but not a supra-modal HYPO construct (ω H =.653), and supra-modal SEEK models suggested a more limited version of the construct that excluded some sensory modalities (ω H =.800; 4/7 modalities). Modality-specific subscales demonstrated significant added value for all response patterns. Meta-analytic correlations varied by construct, although sensory features tended to correlate most with other domains of core autism features and co-occurring psychiatric symptoms (with general HYPER and speech HYPO demonstrating the largest numbers of practically significant correlations). Limitations Conclusions may not be generalizable beyond the specific pool of items used in the current study, which was limited to caregiver report of observable behaviors and excluded multisensory items that reflect many “real-world” sensory experiences. Conclusion Of the three sensory response patterns, only HYPER demonstrated sufficient evidence for valid interpretation at the supra-modal level, whereas supra-modal HYPO/SEEK constructs demonstrated substantial psychometric limitations. For clinicians and researchers seeking to characterize sensory reactivity in autism, modality-specific response pattern scores may represent viable alternatives that overcome many of these limitations.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 01:40.

Cited references
199
With a DOI
183
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
15
17 / 199 (8.5%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 199 (2.5%)
References with detected author names
197 / 199 (99.0%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
5
Without a stable identifier
15
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
1189
From DOI or external metadata
1189
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
5
376 / 1189 (31.6%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 813 / 1189 (68.4%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
21 / 1189 (1.8%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 21 / 376 (5.6%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 12 / 963 (1.2%).
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