Measuring Depression in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II

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Williams, Z. J., Everaert, J., & Gotham, K. (2020). Measuring Depression in Autistic Adults: Psychometric Validation of the Beck Depression Inventory–II. Assessment, 28(3), 858-876. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191120952889

Publication date: 29 Aug 2020 Added to AutiHub: 7 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

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3
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 3 (33.3%)
  1. Zachary J. Williams *
  2. Jonas Everaert
  3. Katherine Gotham

Abstract

Depressive disorders are common in autistic adults, but few studies have examined the extent to which common depression questionnaires are psychometrically appropriate for use in this population. Using item response theory, this study examined the psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) in a sample of 947 autistic adults. BDI-II latent trait scores exhibited strong reliability, construct validity, and moderate ability to discriminate between depressed and nondepressed adults on the autism spectrum (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.796 [0.763, 0.826], sensitivity = 0.820 [0.785, 0.852], specificity = 0.653 [0.601, 0.699]). These results collectively indicate that the BDI-II is a valid measure of depressive symptoms in autistic adults, appropriate for quantifying depression severity in research studies or screening for depressive disorders in clinical settings. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of BDI-II latent trait scores for clinical and research applications (available at https://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/bdi_score/).

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Cited references with an identified autistic author
1 / 123 (0.8%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
1 / 675 (0.1%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 1 / 141 (0.7%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 1 / 589 (0.2%).
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141 / 675 (20.9%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 80 / 589 (13.6%)
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140 / 141 (99.3%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 140 / 675 (20.7%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 79 / 80 (98.8%).
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