A Bifactor Model of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotype
This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.
About the autistic author markerWilliams, Z. J. (2019). A Bifactor Model of the Autism Spectrum Disorder Phenotype. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(10), 1019-1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.021
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Abstract
I read with interest the newly published work by Kim et al. describing the covariance structure of parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms.1 The authors compared many different latent class, factor analytic, and factor mixture models in a large, clinically referred sample, concluding that the ASD phenotype is best described by three continuous latent factors of social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior. I found the study to be methodologically rigorous, employing robust estimation techniques, testing a wide range of categorical-dimensional hybrid models, and even replicating the rank-order of model choices in a separate sample. However, given the large reported interfactor correlations in the final model (r = 0.78-0.83; Kim et al., Figure 2), I was disappointed that the authors did not explore a bifactor model2 of ASD phenotypic traits. In this correspondance, I aim to demonstrate the ways in which bifactor models provide further insight into the structures of complex psychopathological constructs.
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Anthony Rodriguez , Steven P. Reise , Mark G. Haviland (2016). Applying bifactor statistical indices in the evaluation of psychological measures . J Pers Assess, 98(3), 223. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
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Hyunsik Kim , Cara Keifer , Craig Rodriguez-Seijas , Nicholas Eaton , Matthew D Lerner , Kenneth Gadow (2019). Quantifying the Optimal Structure of the Autism Phenotype: A Comprehensive Comparison of Dimensional, Categorical, and Hybrid Models . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58(9), 876-886.e2. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
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Kristian E. Markon (2019). Bifactor and Hierarchical Models: Specification, Inference, and Interpretation . Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 51-69. Annual Reviews.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
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Alexandre J. S. Morin , A. Katrin Arens , Herbert W. Marsh (2016). A Bifactor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Framework for the Identification of Distinct Sources of Construct-Relevant Psychometric Multidimensionality . Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 23(1), 116-139. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
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Maxwell Mansolf , Steven P. Reise (2016). Exploratory Bifactor Analysis: The Schmid-Leiman Orthogonalization and Jennrich-Bentler Analytic Rotations . Multivariate Behavioral Research, 51(5), 698-717. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations