Autistic identity: A systematic review of quantitative research

Authors

Abstract

Autism can be considered both a personal and social identity. Identifying the factors contributing to positive Autistic identity development is crucial given the potential implications for mental health and wellbeing. In this systematic review, we aimed to synthesize quantitative literature on Autistic identity to identify the (individual and environmental) factors associated with Autistic identity, and to ascertain the relationship between Autistic identity and mental health and wellbeing. A total of 3,617 studies were screened and 20 met our inclusion criteria. Results indicated that people developed a more positive Autistic identity when receiving external autism acceptance and external support. The association between individual factors and Autistic identity were largely nonsignificant or inconclusive, highlighting the need for broad support that meets the needs of a range of Autistic people, rather than specific subgroups. Importantly, positive Autistic identity was associated with improved mental health and wellbeing. Peer support and/or self-directed support resources may be valuable mechanisms for supporting Autistic people to cultivate a positive Autistic identity. The evaluation of such support, including the long-term impacts on identity development, will be a critical avenue for future research.

1. Colleen Kidney (2000). Rethinking Autism, Communication, and Community Involvement: Exploring Involvement in Online Communities, Communication Preference, Autistic Identity, and Self-Determination . Portland State University Library.

   Type: Report DOI: 10.15760/etd.2221 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W339267797

   OpenAlex
2. Bappaditya Adak , Santoshi Halder (2017). Systematic Review on Prevalence for Autism Spectrum Disorder with Respect to Gender and Socio-Economic Status . Journal of Mental Disorders and Treatment, 03(01). OMICS Publishing Group.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.4172/2471-271x.1000133 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2601532833

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
3. Ariana Riccio , Steven K. Kapp *Autistic author. Learn more… , Allison Jordan , Anna Marie Dorelien , Kristen Gillespie-Lynch (2021). How is autistic identity in adolescence influenced by parental disclosure decisions and perceptions of autism? Autism, 25(2), 374-388. SAGE Publications.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320958214 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3088032984

   AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
4. Mary Jo Hatch , Majken Schultz (2004). Organizational identity: a reader .

   Type: Book OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1513067964

   OpenAlex
5. Flavia Albarello , Elisabetta Crocetti , Monica Rubini (2018). I and Us: A Longitudinal Study on the Interplay of Personal and Social Identity in Adolescence . Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(4), 689-702. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0791-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2770629029

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
6. Rozanna Lilley , Wenn Lawson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Gabrielle Hall *Autistic author. Learn more… , Joanne Mahony , Hayley Clapham *Autistic author. Learn more… , Melanie Heyworth *Autistic author. Learn more… et al. (2023). “Peas in a pod”: Oral History Reflections on Autistic Identity in Family and Community by Late-Diagnosed Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(3), 1146-1161. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05667-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4285385942

   AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
7. Shannon D. Snapp , Ryan J. Watson , Stephen T. Russell , Rafael M. Diaz , Caitlin Ryan (2015). Social Support Networks for LGBT Young Adults: Low Cost Strategies for Positive Adjustment . Family Relations, 64(3), 420-430. Wiley.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/fare.12124 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1565455326

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
8. Arnold S. Huang Y. Higgins J. Hwang Y. I. Richdale A. Trollor J. &Lawson L. P. (2021). The Impact of Diagnosis Scale–Revised (IODS‐R). International Society for Autism Research 2021 Virtual Annual Meeting.

   Type: Other

   Crossref
9. David S. Mandell , JOHN LISTERUD , SUSAN E. LEVY , JENNIFER A. PINTO-MARTIN (2002). Race Differences in the Age at Diagnosis Among Medicaid-Eligible Children With Autism . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(12), 1447-1453. Elsevier BV.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/00004583-200212000-00016 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1998074079

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
10. Carol J. Gill (1997). Four types of integration in disability identity development . Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 9(1), 39-46. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3233/jvr-1997-9106 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1787574528

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
11. Samuel R. C. Arnold , Yunhe Huang , Ye In Hwang , Amanda L. Richdale , Julian N Trollor , Lauren P. Lawson (2020). “The Single Most Important Thing That Has Happened to Me in My Life”: Development of the Impact of Diagnosis Scale—Preliminary Revision . Autism in Adulthood, 2(1), 34-41. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0059 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3012051930

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
12. Yunhe Huang , Samuel R. C. Arnold , Kitty‐Rose Foley , Julian N Trollor (2020). Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review . Autism, 24(6), 1311-1327. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320903128 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3008810253

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
13. Michelle R. Nario-Redmond , Jeffrey G. Noel , Emily Fern (2013). Redefining Disability, Re-imagining the Self: Disability Identification Predicts Self-esteem and Strategic Responses to Stigma . Self and Identity, 12(5), 468-488. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2012.681118 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1972118986

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
14. Asperger H. (1944). Autism and Asperger Syndrome . Autism and Asperger syndrome.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
15. Simon M. Bury , Alex Haschek , Michael Wenzel , Jennifer R. Spoor , Darren Hedley (2024). Brief Report: Learning About Autism: Is the Source of Autism Knowledge Associated with Differences in Autism Knowledge, Autism Identity, and Experiences of Stigma . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(11), 4346-4353. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05823-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4310092953

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
16. Gayathri Embuldeniya , Paula Veinot , Emma Bell , Mary Bell , Joyce Nyhof-Young , Joanna E.M. Sale et al. (2013). The experience and impact of chronic disease peer support interventions: A qualitative synthesis . Patient Education and Counseling, 92(1), 3-12. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.02.002 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1974164086

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
17. Sarah Bargiela , Robyn Steward *Autistic author. Learn more… , Will Mandy (2016). The Experiences of Late-diagnosed Women with Autism Spectrum Conditions: An Investigation of the Female Autism Phenotype . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(10), 3281-3294. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2872-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2494524772

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
18. Allison B. Ratto , J. Steven Reznick , Lauren Turner-Brown (2016). Cultural Effects on the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Latinos . Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 31(4), 275-283. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1088357615587501 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2411872284

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
19. Leon Eisenberg (1992). Autism and Asperger syndrome . The Lancet, 339(8786), 186. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)90257-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1987955421

    OpenAlex
20. Jessica L. Benham , James S. Kizer (2016). Aut-ors of our Experience: Interrogating Intersections of Autistic Identity . Canadian Journal of Disability Studies, 5(3), 77. University of Waterloo.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.15353/cjds.v5i3.298 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2544897267

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
21. D. Maxwell-McCaw , M. C. Zea (2011). The Deaf Acculturation Scale (DAS): Development and Validation of a 58-Item Measure . Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 16(3), 325-342. Oxford University Press (OUP).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1093/deafed/enq061 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2107480743

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
22. Bryony Beresford , Suzanne Mukherjee , Emese Mayhew , Emily Heavey , A‐La Park , Lucy Stuttard et al. (2020). Evaluating specialist autism teams’ provision of care and support for autistic adults without learning disabilities: the SHAPE mixed-methods study . Health Services and Delivery Research, 8(48), 1-200. National Institute for Health and Care Research.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3310/hsdr08480 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3113131339

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
23. Kate Cooper , Laura G. E. Smith , Ailsa Russell (2017). Social identity, self‐esteem, and mental health in autism . European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(7), 844-854. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2297 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2593228649

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
24. Michelle R. Nario-Redmond , Kathryn C. Oleson (2016). Disability Group Identification and Disability-Rights Advocacy . Emerging Adulthood, 4(3), 207-218. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/2167696815579830 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2000062268

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
25. Jan Blacher , Connie Kasari (2016). The intersection of autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(5), 399-400. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jir.12294 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2345157831

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
26. Laura Crane , Caroline Hearst *Autistic author. Learn more… , Maria Ashworth , Jade Davies , Elisabeth L. Hill (2021). Supporting Newly Identified or Diagnosed Autistic Adults: An Initial Evaluation of an Autistic-Led Programme . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(3), 892-905. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04486-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3014483935

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
27. Riia Luhtanen , Jennifer Crocker (1992). A Collective Self-Esteem Scale: Self-Evaluation of One's Social Identity . Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(3), 302-318. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/0146167292183006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2022598112

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
28. Borthwick J. Jaffey L. &Snell J. (2020). Exploration of Peer Support Models to Support LGBTQ+ People with their Mental Health. In Centre for Mental Health.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
29. C. Punshon , P. Skirrow , Glynis Murphy (2009). The `not guilty verdict' . Autism, 13(3), 265-283. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361309103795 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2030351972

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
30. Botha M. (2020). Autistic community connectedness as a buffer against the effects of minority stress. University of Surrey.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
31. Samuel Tromans , Verity Chester , Eli Gemegah , Kristian Roberts , Zoe Morgan , Guiqing Lily Yao et al. (2021). Autism identification across ethnic groups: a narrative review . Advances in Autism, 7(3), 241-255. Emerald.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1108/aia-03-2020-0017 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3039573567

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
32. Opal Ousley , Tracy Cermak (2014). Autism Spectrum Disorder: Defining Dimensions and Subgroups . Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 1(1), 20-28. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40474-013-0003-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2035132954

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
33. Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , Bridget Dibb , David M. Frost (2022). "Autism is me": an investigation of how autistic individuals make sense of autism and stigma . Disability & Society, 37(3), 427-453. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2020.1822782 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3092648145

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
34. Eya‐Mist Rødgaard , Kristian Jensen , Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak , Laurent Mottron (2022). Representativeness of autistic samples in studies recruiting through social media . Autism Research, 15(8), 1447-1456. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2777 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4284991023

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
35. Andrea W. M. Evers , Floris W. Kraaimaat , Wim van Lankveld , Peter J. H. Jongen , Johannes W. G. Jacobs , Johannes W. J. Bijlsma (2001). Beyond unfavorable thinking: The Illness Cognition Questionnaire for chronic diseases. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 69(6), 1026-1036. American Psychological Association (APA).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.1026 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2035920294

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
36. Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , David M. Frost (2020). Extending the Minority Stress Model to Understand Mental Health Problems Experienced by the Autistic Population . Society and Mental Health, 10(1), 20-34. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/2156869318804297 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2896204132

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
37. James E. Marcia , Alan S. Waterman , David R. Matteson , Sally L. Archer , Jacob L. Orlofsky (1993). Ego Identity . Springer New York.

    Type: Book DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8330-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4249290337

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
38. Luisa Ruiz Calzada , Nancy Pistrang , Will Mandy (2012). High-Functioning Autism and Asperger’s Disorder: Utility and Meaning for Families . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(2), 230-243. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1238-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2076107462

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
39. Jennifer Boyd Ritsher , Poorni G Otilingam , Monica Grajales (2003). Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure . Psychiatry Research, 121(1), 31-49. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2131115009

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
40. Tiago S. Jesus (2022). Rigour and transparency in the family of systematic reviews: The International Journal of Health Planning and Management encourages prospective protocol registration . The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 37(5), 2523-2527. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3510 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4281772564

    OpenCitations
41. Rosalyn B. Darling , D. Alex Heckert (2010). Orientations Toward Disability: Differences over the lifecourse . International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 57(2), 131-143. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/10349121003750489 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2095950555

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
42. Cindy J. Chang , Brian A. Feinstein , Steven Meanley , Dalmacio D. Flores , Ryan J. Watson (2021). The Role of LGBTQ Identity Pride in the Associations among Discrimination, Social Support, and Depression in a Sample of LGBTQ Adolescents . Annals of LGBTQ Public and Population Health, 2(3), 203-219. Springer Publishing Company.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1891/lgbtq-2021-0020 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3203924874

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
43. Eilidh Cage , Rebekah Cranney , Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… (2022). Brief Report: Does Autistic Community Connectedness Moderate the Relationship Between Masking and Wellbeing? Autism in Adulthood, 4(3), 247-253. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2021.0096 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4283387728

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
44. Colin Wayne Leach , Martijn van Zomeren , Sven Zebel , Michael L. W. Vliek , Sjoerd F. Pennekamp , Bertjan Doosje et al. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144-165. American Psychological Association (APA).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2157069646

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
45. James E. Marcia (1966). Development and validation of ego-identity status. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3(5), 551-558. American Psychological Association (APA).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/h0023281 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2117009621

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
46. Eilidh Cage , Jessica Di Monaco , Victoria Newell (2018). Experiences of Autism Acceptance and Mental Health in Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(2), 473-484. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3342-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2766434912

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
47. Neil Humphrey , Sarah Lewis (2008). `Make me normal' . Autism, 12(1), 23-46. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361307085267 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2119717901

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
48. Eilidh Cage , Zoe Troxell-Whitman (2020). Understanding the Relationships Between Autistic Identity, Disclosure, and Camouflaging . Autism in Adulthood, 2(4), 334-338. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0016 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3073966041

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
49. Laura Foran Lewis (2017). A Mixed Methods Study of Barriers to Formal Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(8), 2410-2424. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3168-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2615871753

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
50. Judith Hebron , Neil Humphrey (2014). Mental health difficulties among young people on the autistic spectrum in mainstream secondary schools: a comparative study . Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 14(1), 22-32. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-3802.2012.01246.x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2125463549

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
51. Mhairi Campbell , Joanne E McKenzie , Amanda Sowden , Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi , Sue E Brennan , Simon Ellis et al. (2020). Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline . BMJ, 368, l6890. BMJ.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l6890 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2990648940

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
52. Ilan H. Meyer (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697. American Psychological Association (APA).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.129.5.674 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2125568653

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
53. E. James Anthony (1969). Identity—Youth and Crisis . Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 8(3), 559-562. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s0002-7138(09)62239-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2128887760

    OpenAlex
54. Kate Cooper , Will Mandy , Catherine Butler , Ailsa Russell (2023). Phenomenology of gender dysphoria in autism: a multiperspective qualitative analysis . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 64(2), 265-276. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13691 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4295234891

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
55. Kate Cooper , Ailsa Russell , Jiedi Lei , Laura GE Smith (2023). The impact of a positive autism identity and autistic community solidarity on social anxiety and mental health in autistic young people . Autism, 27(3), 848-857. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221118351 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4294605745

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
56. Amal M Hussein , Elizabeth Pellicano , Laura Crane (2019). Understanding and awareness of autism among Somali parents living in the United Kingdom . Autism, 23(6), 1408-1418. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318813996 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2903036379

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
57. Mark Rubin , Miles Hewstone (1998). Social Identity Theory's Self-Esteem Hypothesis: A Review and Some Suggestions for Clarification . Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(1), 40-62. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0201_3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2170822944

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
58. Rosalind Cooper , Kate Cooper , Ailsa Russell , Laura G. E. Smith (2021). “I’m Proud to be a Little Bit Different”: The Effects of Autistic Individuals’ Perceptions of Autism and Autism Social Identity on Their Collective Self-esteem . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(2), 704-714. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04575-4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3036418460

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
59. Jennifer L. Jones , Kami L. Gallus , Kacey L. Viering , Lauren M. Oseland (2015). ‘Are you by chance on the spectrum?’ Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder making sense of their diagnoses . Disability & Society, 30(10), 1490-1504. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2015.1108902 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2204762645

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
60. Kirsten Corden , Rebecca Brewer , Eilidh Cage (2021). Personal Identity After an Autism Diagnosis: Relationships With Self-Esteem, Mental Wellbeing, and Diagnostic Timing . Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 699335-699335. Frontiers Media SA.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.699335 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3161811598

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
61. Ella Perry , Will Mandy , Laura Hull , Eilidh Cage (2022). Understanding Camouflaging as a Response to Autism-Related Stigma: A Social Identity Theory Approach . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(2), 800-810. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-04987-w OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3150043110

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
62. Lorcan Kenny , Caroline Hattersley , Bonnie Molins , Carole Buckley , Carol Povey , Elizabeth Pellicano (2016). Which terms should be used to describe autism? Perspectives from the UK autism community . Autism, 20(4), 442-462. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361315588200 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2227393071

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
63. Léo Kanner (1943). Autistic disturbances of affective contact . Nervous Child, 2(3), 217.

    Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2255119171

    Crossref OpenAlex
64. Crenshaw K. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine. Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics University of Chicago Legal Forum.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
65. Audrey Thurm , Cristan Farmer , Emma Salzman , Catherine Lord , Somer Bishop (2019). State of the Field: Differentiating Intellectual Disability From Autism Spectrum Disorder . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 526. Frontiers Media SA.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00526 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2958993741

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
66. Leen Oris , Jessica Rassart , Sofie Prikken , Margaux Verschueren , Liesbet Goubert , Philip Moons et al. (2016). Illness Identity in Adolescents and Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Introducing the Illness Identity Questionnaire . Diabetes Care, 39(5), 757-763. American Diabetes Association.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2559 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2299192123

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
67. Lily Cresswell , Eilidh Cage (2019). ‘Who Am I?’: An Exploratory Study of the Relationships Between Identity, Acculturation and Mental Health in Autistic Adolescents . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 49(7), 2901-2912. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-019-04016-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2936722462

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
68. Rozanna Lilley , Wenn Lawson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Gabrielle Hall *Autistic author. Learn more… , Joanne Mahony , Hayley Clapham *Autistic author. Learn more… , Melanie Heyworth *Autistic author. Learn more… et al. (2022). ‘A way to be me’: Autobiographical reflections of autistic adults diagnosed in mid-to-late adulthood . Autism, 26(6), 1395-1408. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211050694 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3206782425

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
69. Trevor Davis , Kim Gorgens , Janet Shriberg , Matthew Godleski , Laura Meyer (2014). Making Meaning in a Burn Peer Support Group . Journal of Burn Care & Research, 35(5), 416-425. Oxford University Press (OUP).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/bcr.0000000000000011 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2318662888

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
70. Elisabetta Crocetti (2017). Identity Formation in Adolescence: The Dynamic of Forming and Consolidating Identity Commitments . Child Development Perspectives, 11(2), 145-150. Oxford University Press (OUP).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12226 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2590287054

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
71. Despina Papoudi , Clara Rübner Jørgensen , Karen Guldberg , Hedda Meadan (2021). Perceptions, Experiences, and Needs of Parents of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Children with Autism: a Scoping Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 8(2), 195-212. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-020-00210-1 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3036152761

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
72. Laura Foran Lewis (2016). Exploring the Experience of Self-Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults . Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 30(5), 575-580. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2016.03.009 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2326293265

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
73. Catherine J. Crompton , Sonny Hallett *Autistic author. Learn more… , Harriet Axbey *Autistic author. Learn more… , Christine McAuliffe , Katie Cebula (2023). ‘Someone like-minded in a big place’: Autistic young adults’ attitudes towards autistic peer support in mainstream education . Autism, 27(1), 76-91. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221081189 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4220694714

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
74. Emeline Han , Katrina Scior , Kana Grace , Eric Loveland Heath , Simone Rae Dufresne , Laura Crane (2023). Who, When, How to Share: Pilot study of a new disclosure decision-making programme for autistic adults . Center for Open Science.

    Type: Preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/bztuq OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4378676367

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
75. Catherine J. Crompton , Sonny Hallett *Autistic author. Learn more… , Christine McAuliffe , Andrew C. Stanfield , Sue Fletcher‐Watson (2022). “A Group of Fellow Travellers Who Understand”: Interviews With Autistic People About Post-diagnostic Peer Support in Adulthood . Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 831628-831628. Frontiers Media SA.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.831628 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4221114197

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
76. Ye In Hwang , Kitty‐Rose Foley , Julian N Trollor (2017). Aging well on the autism spectrum: the perspectives of autistic adults and carers . International Psychogeriatrics, 29(12), 2033-2046. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s1041610217001521 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2743983420

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
77. Catherine J. Crompton , Sonny Hallett *Autistic author. Learn more… , Danielle Ropar , Emma G. Flynn , Sue Fletcher‐Watson (2020). ‘I never realised everybody felt as happy as I do when I am around autistic people’: A thematic analysis of autistic adults’ relationships with autistic and neurotypical friends and family . Autism, 24(6), 1438-1448. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320908976 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3009630179

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
78. Joseph H. Hammer , Michael D. Toland (2017). Internal structure and reliability of the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale (ISMI-29) and Brief Versions (ISMI-10, ISMI-9) among Americans with depression. Stigma and Health, 2(3), 159-174. American Psychological Association (APA).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/sah0000049 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2462639064

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
79. Ilan H. Meyer , Laura Dean *Autistic author. Learn more… (1998). Internalized Homophobia, Intimacy, and Sexual Behavior among Gay and Bisexual Men . In Stigma and Sexual Orientation: Understanding Prejudice against Lesbians, Gay Men, and Bisexuals (pp. 160-186). SAGE Publications, Inc..

    Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.4135/9781452243818.n8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2483143899

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
80. Dawn Ee , Ye In Hwang , Simone Reppermund , Preeyaporn Srasuebkul , Julian N Trollor , Kitty‐Rose Foley et al. (2019). Loneliness in Adults on the Autism Spectrum . Autism in Adulthood, 1(3), 182-193. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2018.0038 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2969135910

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
81. Mette Elmose (2020). Understanding loneliness and social relationships in autism: The reflections of autistic adults . Nordic Psychology, 72(1), 3-22. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2019.1625068 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2952119950

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
82. Rosemarie B. Wilson , Andrew R. Thompson , Georgina Rowse , Megan Freeth (2023). The experience of seeking, receiving, and reflecting upon a diagnosis of autism in the UK: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies conducted with autistic individuals . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 103, 102135. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102135 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4323923058

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
83. Erikson E. H. (1950). Childhood and society . Childhood and society.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
84. Erikson E. H. (1968). Identity, youth and crisis . Identity: Youth and crisis.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
85. Kinga Ferenc , Mateusz Płatos , Katarzyna Byrka , Magdalena Ewa Król (2023). Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults . Autism, 27(5), 1348-1361. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221135818 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4308957609

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
86. Meng-Chuan Lai , Caroline Kassee , Richard Besney , Sarah Bonato , Laura Hull , Will Mandy et al. (2019). Prevalence of co-occurring mental health diagnoses in the autism population: a systematic review and meta-analysis . The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 819-829. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(19)30289-5 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2936336589

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
87. Liron Lamash , Sonya Meyer (2022). Work-Related Self-Efficacy and Illness Identity in Adults with Autism . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 122. MDPI AG.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010122 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4312117440

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
88. Helen McConachie , David Mason , Jeremy R. Parr , Deborah Garland , Colin Wilson , Jacqui Rodgers (2018). Enhancing the Validity of a Quality of Life Measure for Autistic People . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(5), 1596-1611. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3402-z OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2768942203

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
89. Emeline Han , Katrina Scior , Eric Heath , Kana Grace , Laura Crane (2023). Development of stigma-related support for autistic adults: Insights from the autism community . Autism, 27(6), 1676-1689. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221143590 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4313488509

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
90. Yunhe Huang , Julian N Trollor , Kitty‐Rose Foley , Samuel R. C. Arnold (2023). “I've Spent My Whole Life Striving to Be Normal”: Internalized Stigma and Perceived Impact of Diagnosis in Autistic Adults . Autism in Adulthood, 5(4), 423-436. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2022.0066 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4316037446

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
91. Ginny Russell , Will Mandy , Daisy Elliott , Rhianna White , Tom Pittwood , Tamsin Ford (2019). Selection bias on intellectual ability in autism research: a cross-sectional review and meta-analysis . Molecular Autism, 10(1), 9. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0260-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2927010782

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
92. Catherine D. Tan (2018). “I'm a normal autistic person, not an abnormal neurotypical”: Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis as biographical illumination . Social Science & Medicine, 197, 161-167. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.12.008 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2774655211

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
93. Miriam Harmens , Felicity Sedgewick , Hannah Hobson (2022). Autistic women’s diagnostic experiences: Interactions with identity and impacts on well-being . Women's Health, 18, 17455057221137477-17455057221137477. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/17455057221137477 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4309363025

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
94. Tomisin Oredipe , Bella Kofner , Ariana Riccio , Eilidh Cage , Jonathan Vincent , Steven K. Kapp *Autistic author. Learn more… et al. (2023). Does learning you are autistic at a younger age lead to better adult outcomes? A participatory exploration of the perspectives of autistic university students . Autism, 27(1), 200-212. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221086700 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4223469411

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
95. Kari McDonald (2018). Social Support and Mental Health in LGBTQ Adolescents: A review of the literature . Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 39(1), 16-29. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1398283 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2782792996

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
96. Lindsey M. Weiler , Annie K. Goerdt , Kalli B. Kremer , Emily Goldberg , Rebekah L. Hudock (2022). Social Validity and Preliminary Outcomes of a Mentoring Intervention for Adolescents and Adults With Autism . Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 37(4), 215-226. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/10883576211073687 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4207031498

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
97. Vasiliki Kentrou , Danielle MJ de Veld , Kawita JK Mataw , Sander Begeer (2019). Delayed autism spectrum disorder recognition in children and adolescents previously diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Autism, 23(4), 1065-1072. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318785171 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2893641655

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
98. Quan Nha Hong , Sergi Fàbregues , Gillian Bartlett , Felicity Boardman , Margaret Cargo , Pierre Dagenais et al. (2018). The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 for information professionals and researchers . Education for Information, 34(4), 285-291. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3233/efi-180221 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2901724277

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
99. Florence YN Leung , Punit Shah , David Mason , Lucy A Livingston (2024). Re-examining the association between the age of learning one is autistic and adult outcomes . Autism, 28(2), 433-448. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613231173056 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4380607772

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
100. Austin H. Johnson , Baker A. Rogers (2020). “We're the Normal Ones Here”: Community Involvement, Peer Support, and Transgender Mental Health . Sociological Inquiry, 90(2), 271-292. Wiley.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/soin.12347 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2995328502

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
101. Alexandra Leedham , Andrew R. Thompson , Richard Smith , Megan Freeth (2020). ‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood . Autism, 24(1), 135-146. SAGE Publications.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319853442 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2947577397

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
102. Kidney C. A. (2015). Rethinking Autism Communication and Community Involvement: Exploring Involvement in Online Communities Communication Preference Autistic Identity and Self‐Determination. Portland State University.

     Type: Other

     Crossref
103. Lisa D. Wiggins , Maureen Durkin , Amy Esler , Li‐Ching Lee , Walter Zahorodny , Catherine Rice et al. (2020). Disparities in Documented Diagnoses of Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Demographic, Individual, and Service Factors . Autism Research, 13(3), 464-473. Wiley.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2255 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2995074616

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
104. P. B. Kuld , N. Frielink , M. Zijlmans , C. Schuengel , P. J. C. M. Embregts (2023). Promoting self‐determination of persons with severe or profound intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta‐analysis . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 67(7), 589-629. Wiley.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jir.13036 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4376133183

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
105. T.A.M. McDonald (2020). Autism Identity and the “Lost Generation”: Structural Validation of the Autism Spectrum Identity Scale and Comparison of Diagnosed and Self-Diagnosed Adults on the Autism Spectrum . Autism in Adulthood, 2(1), 13-23. SAGE Publications.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2019.0069 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3006983109

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
106. Dean M. Thompson , Lesley Booth , David Moore , Jonathan Mathers (2022). Peer support for people with chronic conditions: a systematic review of reviews . BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 427-427. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07816-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4220685886

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
107. William Nguyen , Tamara Ownsworth , Chelsea Nicol , David Zimmerman (2020). How I See and Feel About Myself: Domain-Specific Self-Concept and Self-Esteem in Autistic Adults . Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 913-913. Frontiers Media SA.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00913 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3024675062

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
108. Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… (2020). Autistic community connectedness as a buffer against the effects of minority stress. Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey). University of Surrey.

     Type: Dissertation DOI: 10.15126/thesis.00854098 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3046997954

     AutiHub · Autistic Scholars OpenAlex
109. Cameron A Maitland , Sinéad Rhodes , Anne O’Hare , Mary E. Stewart (2021). Social identities and mental well-being in autistic adults . Autism, 25(6), 1771-1783. SAGE Publications.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211004328 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3160089913

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
110. Elizabeth Pellicano , Jacquiline den Houting *Autistic author. Learn more… (2022). Annual Research Review: Shifting from ‘normal science’ to neurodiversity in autism science . Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 63(4), 381-396. Wiley.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13534 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3208557763

     AutiHub · Autistic Scholars AutiHub · Documentation center Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
111. Rachel Moseley *Autistic author. Learn more… , Tanya Druce , Julie Gamble-Turner (2021). Autism research is ‘all about the blokes and the kids’: Autistic women breaking the silence on menopause . British Journal of Health Psychology, 26(3), 709-726. Wiley.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12477 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3090338333

     AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
112. Eric Rubenstein , Sarah Furnier (2021). #Bias: The Opportunities and Challenges of Surveys That Recruit and Collect Data of Autistic Adults Online . Autism in Adulthood, 3(2), 120-128. SAGE Publications.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2020.0031 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3102111285

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
113. Gayle L. Overton , Ferran Marsà-Sambola , Rachael Martin , Penny Cavenagh (2024). Understanding the Self-identification of Autism in Adults: a Scoping Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11(4), 682-702. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-023-00361-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4323360123

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
114. Heiko Schmengler , David Cohen , Sylvie Tordjman , Maria Melchior (2021). Autism Spectrum and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Children of Immigrants: A Brief Review of Current Evidence and Implications for Clinical Practice . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 566368-566368. Frontiers Media SA.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.566368 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3139249291

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
115. McDonald T. A. M. (2016). Identity as a Mediator between Stigma and Stereotype Threat on Postsecondary Outcomes for Adults on the Autism Spectrum. University of Wisconsin‐Madison.

     Type: Other

     Crossref
116. Matthew J. Page , Joanne E. McKenzie , Patrick M. Bossuyt , Isabelle Boutron , Tammy C. Hoffmann , Cynthia D. Mulrow et al. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews . International Journal of Surgery, 88, 105906. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3146142859

     Crossref OpenAlex
117. Lise Mogensen , Jan Mason (2015). The meaning of a label for teenagers negotiating identity: experiences with autism spectrum disorder . In Children, Health and Well‐being (pp. 83-97). Wiley.

     Type: Book chapter DOI: 10.1002/9781119069522.ch7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4233968228

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
118. Ari Ne'eman *Autistic author. Learn more… , Elizabeth Pellicano (2022). Neurodiversity as Politics . Human Development, 66(2), 149-157. S. Karger AG.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1159/000524277 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4221096330

     AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
119. Kana Grace , Anna Remington , Brynmor Lloyd‐Evans , Jade Davies , Laura Crane (2022). Loneliness in autistic adults: A systematic review . Autism, 26(8), 2117-2135. SAGE Publications.

     Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613221077721 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4220790656

     Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
120. Tajfel H. (1979). Organizational Identity: A Reader . Organizational Identity: A Reader, 56.

     Type: Other

     Crossref
121. Walker N. (2014). Neurodiversity: Some basic terms & definitions. Neuroqueer Https://Neuroqueer . Com/Neurodiversity-Terms-and-Definitions

     Type: Other

     Crossref
122. Marcia, James E. 1937- , Waterman, Alan S. , Matteson, David R. , Archer, Sally L. , Orlofsky, Jacob L. (1993). Ego identity a handbook for psychosocial research .

     Type: Article OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W7046912564

     OpenAlex
123. Zeldovich L. (2018). How History Forgot the Woman Who Defined Autism‐Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-history-forgot-the-woman-who-defined-autism/

     Type: Other

     Crossref