Volume réduit du faisceau arqué chez des adultes présentant des troubles du spectre autistique à haut niveau de fonctionnement

Titre original en anglais : Reduced Volume of the Arcuate Fasciculus in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions

Moseley, R., Correia, M., Baron-Cohen, S., Shtyrov, Y., Pulvermüller, F., & Mohr, B. (2016). Reduced Volume of the Arcuate Fasciculus in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Conditions. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 10, 214-214. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00214

Date de publication: 11/05/2016 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais

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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
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1 / 6 (16,7 %)

Résumé

Le langage atypique est une caractéristique fondamentale des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA), mais peu d'études ont examiné l'intégrité structurelle du faisceau arqué, le principal tractus de substance blanche reliant les régions frontales et temporales du langage, qui est généralement impliqué comme principale voie de transfert utilisée par le cerveau pour traiter les informations linguistiques. Des anomalies du faisceau arqué ont été rapportées chez de jeunes enfants présentant des TSA, principalement chez des individus à faible niveau de fonctionnement ou non verbaux, mais on sait peu de choses concernant les propriétés structurelles du faisceau arqué chez les adultes présentant des TSA ou, en particulier, chez les individus présentant des TSA dont le langage est préservé, tels que ceux ayant un autisme à haut niveau de fonctionnement ou un syndrome d'Asperger. Nous avons utilisé la tractographie probabiliste d'imagerie pondérée en diffusion afin d'isoler et d'examiner minutieusement le faisceau arqué dans un échantillon mixte de 18 adultes à haut niveau de fonctionnement présentant des TSA (17 avec syndrome d'Asperger) et de 14 témoins au développement typique appariés selon l'âge et le QI. Le volume du faisceau arqué était significativement réduit bilatéralement, les différences les plus nettes étant observées dans l'hémisphère droit. Ce résultat est resté significatif dans une analyse incluant uniquement tous les participants masculins. La réduction volumétrique du faisceau arqué était significativement corrélée à la sévérité des symptômes autistiques telle que mesurée par l'Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Ces données révèlent que des différences structurelles sont présentes même chez des adultes à haut niveau de fonctionnement présentant des TSA, qui ne présentaient aucun déficit langagier cliniquement manifeste et n'avaient aucun retard du développement du langage signalé. L'intégrité structurelle du faisceau arqué pourrait être utile comme indice de la sévérité des TSA et ainsi comme prédicteur et biomarqueur des TSA. Les implications pour les recherches futures sont discutées.

Atypical language is a fundamental feature of autism spectrum conditions (ASC), but few studies have examined the structural integrity of the arcuate fasciculus, the major white matter tract connecting frontal and temporal language regions, which is usually implicated as the main transfer route used in processing linguistic information by the brain. Abnormalities in the arcuate have been reported in young children with ASC, mostly in low-functioning or non-verbal individuals, but little is known regarding the structural properties of the arcuate in adults with ASC or, in particular, in individuals with ASC who have intact language, such as those with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome. We used probabilistic tractography of diffusion-weighted imaging to isolate and scrutinize the arcuate in a mixed-gender sample of 18 high-functioning adults with ASC (17 Asperger syndrome) and 14 age- and IQ-matched typically developing controls. Arcuate volume was significantly reduced bilaterally with clearest differences in the right hemisphere. This finding remained significant in an analysis of all male participants alone. Volumetric reduction in the arcuate was significantly correlated with the severity of autistic symptoms as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. These data reveal that structural differences are present even in high-functioning adults with ASC, who presented with no clinically manifest language deficits and had no reported developmental language delay. Arcuate structural integrity may be useful as an index of ASC severity and thus as a predictor and biomarker for ASC. Implications for future research are discussed.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
134
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
3 / 134 (2,2 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
3 / 575 (0,5 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 3 / 80 (3,8 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 1 / 485 (0,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
80 / 575 (13,9 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 35 / 485 (7,2 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
77 / 80 (96,2 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 77 / 575 (13,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 34 / 35 (97,1 %).
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