En manque de mots pour les émotions : ce que l'activité cérébrale motrice et limbique révèle sur l'autisme et la théorie sémantique

Titre original en anglais : Lost for emotion words: What motor and limbic brain activity reveals about autism and semantic theory

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Moseley, R., Shtyrov, Y., Mohr, B., Lombardo, M., Baron-Cohen, S., & Pulvermüller, F. (2014). Lost for emotion words: What motor and limbic brain activity reveals about autism and semantic theory. NeuroImage, 104, 413-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.046

Date de publication: 30/09/2014 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 6 (16,7 %)
  1. Rachel Moseley *
  2. Yury Shtyrov
  3. Bettina Mohr
  1. Michael Lombardo
  2. Simon Baron-Cohen
  3. Friedemann Pulvermüller

Résumé

Les conditions du spectre de l'autisme (ASC) se caractérisent par des déficits dans la compréhension et l'expression des émotions et s'accompagnent fréquemment d'alexithymie, une difficulté à comprendre et à exprimer des mots d'émotion. Les mots sont représentés de manière différentielle dans le cerveau selon leur catégorie sémantique, et ces difficultés dans les ASC prédisent une activation réduite en réponse aux mots liés aux émotions dans des structures limbiques cruciales pour le traitement affectif. Les théories sémantiques considèrent les « actions émotionnelles » comme essentielles à l'apprentissage de la relation sémantique entre un mot et l'émotion qu'il décrit, de sorte que les mots d'émotion activent typiquement les systèmes moteurs corticaux impliqués dans l'expression d'actions émotionnelles telles que les expressions faciales. Comme les ASC se caractérisent également par des déficits moteurs et une structure et un fonctionnement cérébraux atypiques dans ces régions, les structures motrices devraient également présenter une activation réduite lors du traitement sémantique des émotions. Nous avons ici utilisé l'IRMf liée aux événements pour comparer le traitement passif de mots d'émotion, par rapport à des verbes abstraits et à des noms d'animaux, chez des témoins au développement typique et des personnes avec ASC. Une activation cérébrale relativement réduite dans les ASC pour les mots d'émotion, mais non pour les mots témoins appariés, a été observée spécifiquement dans les aires motrices et le cortex cingulaire. Le degré d'activation évoqué par les mots d'émotion dans le système moteur était également associé à l'ampleur des traits autistiques, telle que révélée par l'Autism Spectrum Quotient. Nous suggérons qu'une hypoactivation des régions motrices et limbiques lors du traitement des mots d'émotion pourrait sous-tendre les difficultés de traitement du langage émotionnel dans les ASC. Le rôle que les systèmes sensorimoteurs et leurs connexions pourraient jouer dans les difficultés affectives et de communication sociale dans les ASC est discuté.

Autism spectrum conditions (ASC) are characterised by deficits in understanding and expressing emotions and are frequently accompanied by alexithymia, a difficulty in understanding and expressing emotion words. Words are differentially represented in the brain according to their semantic category and these difficulties in ASC predict reduced activation to emotion-related words in limbic structures crucial for affective processing. Semantic theories view 'emotion actions' as critical for learning the semantic relationship between a word and the emotion it describes, such that emotion words typically activate the cortical motor systems involved in expressing emotion actions such as facial expressions. As ASC are also characterised by motor deficits and atypical brain structure and function in these regions, motor structures would also be expected to show reduced activation during emotion-semantic processing. Here we used event-related fMRI to compare passive processing of emotion words in comparison to abstract verbs and animal names in typically-developing controls and individuals with ASC. Relatively reduced brain activation in ASC for emotion words, but not matched control words, was found in motor areas and cingulate cortex specifically. The degree of activation evoked by emotion words in the motor system was also associated with the extent of autistic traits as revealed by the Autism Spectrum Quotient. We suggest that hypoactivation of motor and limbic regions for emotion word processing may underlie difficulties in processing emotional language in ASC. The role that sensorimotor systems and their connections might play in the affective and social-communication difficulties in ASC is discussed.

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Références citées
154
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
5 / 154 (3,2 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
5 / 526 (1,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 5 / 96 (5,2 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 1 / 403 (0,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
96 / 526 (18,3 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 34 / 403 (8,4 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
91 / 96 (94,8 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 91 / 526 (17,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 33 / 34 (97,1 %).
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