Langage et parole dans l’autisme

Titre original en anglais : Language and Speech in Autism

Cette publication est incluse dans le projet « Contributions académiques de personnes autistes sur l’autisme ». un auteur·ice de cette publication est identifié·e comme autiste dans le projet.

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Gernsbacher, M. A., Morson, E. M., & Grace, E. J. (2016). Language and Speech in Autism. Annual Review of Linguistics, 2(1), 413-425. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-030514-124824

Publication date: 14/01/2016 Ajout dans AutiHub: 14/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
Source éditeur (DOI) Texte intégral Source OpenAlex

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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
3
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 3 (33,3 %)
  1. Morton Ann Gernsbacher
  2. Emily M. Morson
  3. Elizabeth J. Grace *

Résumé

L’autisme est un handicap développemental caractérisé par des interactions sociales, des intérêts ou des mouvements corporels atypiques, ainsi que par la communication. Notre revue examine le statut empirique de trois phénomènes de communication considérés comme propres à l’autisme : l’inversion des pronoms (utiliser le pronom tu lorsque le pronom je est visé, et inversement), l’écholalie (répéter ce que quelqu’un a dit), et un décalage production-compréhension réduit, voire inversé (une réduction ou une inversion du constat bien établi selon lequel les locuteurs produisent un langage moins sophistiqué que celui qu’ils peuvent comprendre). Chacun de ces trois phénomènes a été présenté comme propre à l’autisme ; par conséquent, chacun a été proposé comme indicateur diagnostique de l’autisme, et chacun a été interprété de manière centrée sur l’autisme (interprétations psychanalytiques de l’inversion des pronoms, interprétations behavioristes de l’écholalie et savoir clinique concernant le décalage production-compréhension). Toutefois, comme le montre notre revue, aucun de ces trois phénomènes n’est en réalité propre à l’autisme ; aucun ne peut ni ne devrait servir au diagnostic de l’autisme, et tous remettent en question des suppositions injustifiées concernant les personnes autistes ainsi que leur développement et leur usage du langage.

Autism is a developmental disability characterized by atypical social interaction, interests or body movements, and communication. Our review examines the empirical status of three communication phenomena believed to be unique to autism: pronoun reversal (using the pronoun you when the pronoun I is intended, and vice versa), echolalia (repeating what someone has said), and a reduced or even reversed production-comprehension lag (a reduction or reversal of the well-established finding that speakers produce less sophisticated language than they can comprehend). Each of these three phenomena has been claimed to be unique to autism; therefore, each has been proposed to be diagnostic of autism, and each has been interpreted in autism-centric ways (psychoanalytic interpretations of pronoun reversal, behaviorist interpretations of echolalia, and clinical lore about the production-comprehension lag). However, as our review demonstrates, none of these three phenomena is in fact unique to autism; none can or should serve as diagnostic of autism, and all call into question unwarranted assumptions about autistic persons and their language development and use.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 19/09/2026 01:01.

Références citées
84
Avec un DOI
64
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
19
5 / 84 (6,0 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
6 / 84 (7,1 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
82 / 84 (97,6 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
2
Sans titre structuré
5
Sans identifiant stable
19
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
1
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
0
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
214
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
214
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
3
50 / 214 (23,4 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 164 / 214 (76,6 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
5 / 214 (2,3 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 5 / 50 (10,0 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 4 / 182 (2,2 %).
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