Differences multidimensionnelles d'empathie chez les enfants et les adultes autistes

Titre original en anglais : Multifaceted empathy differences in children and adults with autism

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Quinde-Zlibut, J. M., Williams, Z. J., Gerdes, M., Mash, L. E., Heflin, B. H., & Cascio, C. J. (2021). Multifaceted empathy differences in children and adults with autism. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 19503-19503. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98516-5

Date de publication: 30/09/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 6 (16,7 %)
  1. Jennifer M. Quinde-Zlibut
  2. Zachary J. Williams *
  3. Madison Gerdes
  1. Lisa E. Mash
  2. Brynna H. Heflin
  3. Carissa J. Cascio

Résumé

Bien que des déficits d'empathie aient été rapportés chez les personnes autistes, il n'existe pas de consensus clair sur la manière dont la valence émotionnelle influence ce processus multidimensionnel. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons le Multifaceted Empathy Test pour les jeunes (MET-J) afin d'examiner l'empathie émotionnelle et cognitive chez 184 participants (âgés de 8 à 59 ans, dont 83 autistes) dans le cadre de l'inférence bayésienne robuste. Les comparaisons entre groupes démontrent des effets d'interaction jusqu'alors non rapportés entre : (1) la valence et le diagnostic d'autisme dans les prédictions de la résonance émotionnelle, et (2) la valence et le groupe d'âge dans les prédictions de l'activation face à des images représentant des expressions faciales positives et négatives. Ces résultats prolongent les études précédentes utilisant le MET en examinant les effets différentiels de la valence émotionnelle dans un large échantillon d'enfants et d'adultes autistes ayant une intelligence moyenne ou supérieure à la moyenne. Nous rapportons une empathie cognitive altérée dans l'autisme, ainsi que de subtiles différences d'empathie émotionnelle caractérisées par une moindre distinction entre la résonance émotionnelle face à des expressions faciales positives et négatives dans l'autisme, comparativement aux personnes neurotypiques. Une différenciation émotionnelle réduite entre les affects positifs et négatifs chez autrui pourrait constituer un mécanisme de réciprocité sociale diminuée qui représente un défi universel pour les personnes autistes. Ces résultats spécifiques aux composantes et à la valence sont cliniquement pertinents pour le développement et la mise en oeuvre d'interventions sociales ciblant des objectifs spécifiques dans l'autisme.

Although empathy impairments have been reported in autistic individuals, there is no clear consensus on how emotional valence influences this multidimensional process. In this study, we use the Multifaceted Empathy Test for juveniles (MET-J) to interrogate emotional and cognitive empathy in 184 participants (ages 8-59 years, 83 autistic) under the robust Bayesian inference framework. Group comparisons demonstrate previously unreported interaction effects between: (1) valence and autism diagnosis in predictions of emotional resonance, and (2) valence and age group in predictions of arousal to images portraying positive and negative facial expressions. These results extend previous studies using the MET by examining differential effects of emotional valence in a large sample of autistic children and adults with average or above-average intelligence. We report impaired cognitive empathy in autism, and subtle differences in emotional empathy characterized by less distinction between emotional resonance to positive vs. negative facial expressions in autism compared to neurotypicals. Reduced emotional differentiation between positive and negative affect in others could be a mechanism for diminished social reciprocity that poses a universal challenge for people with autism. These component- and valence- specific findings are of clinical relevance for the development and implementation of target-specific social interventions in autism.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
100
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
3 / 100 (3,0 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
3 / 297 (1,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 3 / 30 (10,0 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 3 / 271 (1,1 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
30 / 297 (10,1 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 21 / 271 (7,7 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
27 / 30 (90,0 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 27 / 297 (9,1 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 18 / 21 (85,7 %).
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