Multifaceted empathy differences in children and adults with autism

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Quinde-Zlibut, J. M., Williams, Z. J., Gerdes, M., Mash, L. E., Heflin, B. H., & Cascio, C. J. (2021). Multifaceted empathy differences in children and adults with autism. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 19503-19503. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98516-5

Publication date: 30 Sep 2021 Added to AutiHub: 7 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
6
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 6 (16.7%)
  1. Jennifer M. Quinde-Zlibut
  2. Zachary J. Williams *
  3. Madison Gerdes
  1. Lisa E. Mash
  2. Brynna H. Heflin
  3. Carissa J. Cascio

Abstract

Although empathy impairments have been reported in autistic individuals, there is no clear consensus on how emotional valence influences this multidimensional process. In this study, we use the Multifaceted Empathy Test for juveniles (MET-J) to interrogate emotional and cognitive empathy in 184 participants (ages 8-59 years, 83 autistic) under the robust Bayesian inference framework. Group comparisons demonstrate previously unreported interaction effects between: (1) valence and autism diagnosis in predictions of emotional resonance, and (2) valence and age group in predictions of arousal to images portraying positive and negative facial expressions. These results extend previous studies using the MET by examining differential effects of emotional valence in a large sample of autistic children and adults with average or above-average intelligence. We report impaired cognitive empathy in autism, and subtle differences in emotional empathy characterized by less distinction between emotional resonance to positive vs. negative facial expressions in autism compared to neurotypicals. Reduced emotional differentiation between positive and negative affect in others could be a mechanism for diminished social reciprocity that poses a universal challenge for people with autism. These component- and valence- specific findings are of clinical relevance for the development and implementation of target-specific social interventions in autism.

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Cited references
100
With a DOI
78
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
14
3 / 100 (3.0%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
15 / 100 (15.0%)
References with detected author names
88 / 100 (88.0%)
Without detected author names
12
Without a structured title
15
Without a stable identifier
14
References with raw author names still to review
12
References with external metadata lookup issues
1
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
297
From DOI or external metadata
297
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
18
42 / 297 (14.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 255 / 297 (85.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
3 / 297 (1.0%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 3 / 42 (7.1%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 3 / 271 (1.1%).
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