Ableist Ideologies Stifle Neurodiversity and Hinder Inclusive Education

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

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Manalili, M. (2021). Ableist Ideologies Stifle Neurodiversity and Hinder Inclusive Education. Ought: The Journal of Autistic Culture, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2833-1508.1072

Journal or book title
Ought The Journal of Autistic Culture
Publisher
Grand Valley State University Libraries - DIGITAL COMMONS JOURNALS
Volume
3
Issue
1
Publication date: 1 Dec 2021 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
Publisher source (DOI) Full text OpenAlex source

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
1
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 1 (100.0%)
  1. Marie Manalili *

Abstract

This paper makes the case that ableist ideologies hinder trends towards inclusion on a broader global scale and beyond Anglo-American standpoints, as evidenced by key literature and legislations on inclusive education. I also discuss the issues, challenges, and dilemmas generated by these ableist ideologies in my professional context as an autistic speech-language therapist from the Philippines. I conclude with my reflection on how practitioners can help change the trajectory towards emancipatory inclusive practices that are informed by the neurodiversity paradigm. To respect the preference of the communities and the intersection of identities I represent, this paper uses inclusive identity-first language (American Psychological Association, 2019; Bottema-Beutel et al., 2020; The Alliance for Inclusive Education, 2021) and does not conform to divisive or Anglo-American dichotomies (e.g., d/Deaf distinction; Kusters et al., 2017; Pudans-Smith et al., 2019) when writing about pupils or learners who are traditionally identified by the education sector as needing “special education”.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 11:55.

Cited references
24
With a DOI
23
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
0
7 / 24 (29.2%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 24 (4.2%)
References with detected author names
23 / 24 (95.8%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
0
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
51
From DOI or external metadata
51
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
22 / 51 (43.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 29 / 51 (56.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
9 / 51 (17.6%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 9 / 22 (40.9%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 7 / 49 (14.3%).
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    OpenAlex
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    OpenAlex
  10. Morton Ann Gernsbacher , Adam R. Raimond , M. Theresa Balinghasay , Jilana S. Boston (2016). “Special needs” is an ineffective euphemism . Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 1(1), 29-29. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
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    OpenAlex
  11. Maia Szalavitz (2016). The Invisible Girls . Scientific American Mind, 27(2), 48-55. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/scientificamericanmind0316-48 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2592323534
    OpenAlex
  13. Annelies Kusters , Dai O’Brien , Maartje De Meulder (2017). Innovations in deaf studies: Critically mapping the Field . In MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (pp. 7-52).
    Type: Book chapter OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2732328543
    OpenAlex
  15. Michelle R. Nario‐Redmond , Alexia A. Kemerling , Arielle Silverman (2019). Hostile, Benevolent, and Ambivalent Ableism: Contemporary Manifestations . Journal of Social Issues, 75(3), 726-756. Wiley.
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  16. Kimberly K. Pudans-Smith , Katrina R. Cue , Ju-Lee A. Wolsey , M. Diane Clark (2019). To Deaf or not to deaf: That is the Question . Psychology, 10(15), 2091-2114. Scientific Research Publishing, Inc..
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