The Nature of Identity Disruption in Autistic People and People Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Mixed-Methods Study

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Khudiakova, V., Sin, J., Thompson, E., Parker, J., & Barnicot, K. (2026). The Nature of Identity Disruption in Autistic People and People Diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Mixed-Methods Study. Research in Neurodiversity, Article 100084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rin.2026.100084

Publication date: 1 Oct 2026 Added to AutiHub: 19 Oct 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
5
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 5 (20.0%)
  1. Valeria Khudiakova
  2. Jacqueline Sin
  3. Elissa Thompson
  4. Jennie Parker *
  5. Kirsten Barnicot

Abstract

Research shows that borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a common co-occurring diagnosis and the most frequently perceived misdiagnosis in adult-diagnosed autistic women and people assigned female at birth (women and AFAB people). One potential area of overlap between autism and BPD is identity disruption, which is closely associated with BPD and has also been linked to autistic camouflaging. This mixed-methods study compared experiences of identity disruption in autistic women and AFAB people and women and AFAB people with a BPD diagnosis. We performed a secondary mixed-methods analysis of data from self-report questionnaires and qualitative interviews. For the quantitative analysis, we examined scores on a measure of camouflaging, scores on a measure of identity disruption and its three subscales, and correlations between them in 51 autistic women and AFAB people and 51 women and AFAB people diagnosed with BPD, all with low traits of the comparator diagnosis. Autistic participants scored significantly lower on all domains of identity disruption. Three items measuring diffused/variable identity did not differ significantly between the two groups. This domain was significantly associated with camouflaging in participants diagnosed with BPD. We performed a deductive framework analysis of 40 interviews with 13 diagnosed autistic participants, 14 participants diagnosed with BPD, and 13 participants diagnosed with BPD who were also diagnosed with autism or suspected they were autistic. Autistic participants generally described a strong underlying sense of self despite camouflaging/contextual shifts. Lack of identity appeared to be characteristic of BPD and was related to camouflaging in autistic and possibly autistic participants diagnosed with BPD. Our findings suggest some differences in experiences of identity disruption between autism and BPD. Camouflaging emerged as a transdiagnostic phenomenon linked to identity disruption, though it appeared more deliberate in autistic participants. Researchers and clinicians should be mindful of these areas of overlap.

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 23 Oct 2026 01:01.

Cited references
90
With a DOI
73
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
17
14 / 90 (15.6%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 90 (1.1%)
References with detected author names
90 / 90 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
1
Without a stable identifier
17
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
334
From DOI or external metadata
334
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
154 / 334 (46.1%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 180 / 334 (53.9%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
25 / 334 (7.5%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 25 / 154 (16.2%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 21 / 286 (7.3%).
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