Beyond the Blueprint: Navigating Higher Education for Students with Autism and Co-Occurring Disabilities
This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. two authors of this publication are identified as autistic in the project.
About the autistic author markerIsaacson, K. B., Cox, B. E., Jiang, Y., & Nachman, B. R. (2026). Beyond the Blueprint: Navigating Higher Education for Students with Autism and Co-Occurring Disabilities. The Journal of Higher Education, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2026.2728560
This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:
Authors
Abstract
Although research on autistic college student success is growing, less is known about those who navigate both autism and co-occurring disabilities during college. This mixed-methods study employs a rigorous proposition testing approach to address critical gaps in the literature. Drawing on national survey and interview data, we identify two key challenges to these students’ success: academic barriers shaped by intersecting disabilities and reduced accommodation access for students with self-diagnosed conditions. While quantitative findings indicate modest effects, qualitative data reveal more substantial difficulties. Findings underscore the urgent need for disability-informed supports that reflect the complex realities of this student population. Specifically, our findings point to the limitations of relying on discrete diagnostic categories to understand students’ support needs and call for more flexible approaches to disability research and practice. By considering how disabilities operate together rather than as separate conditions, institutions can better address the complex and individualized challenges students encounter during college.
Bibliography cited by this reference
Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.
Cited bibliography overview
These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 24 Oct 2026 01:01.
- With a DOI
- 34
- Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
- 11
- References with detected author names
- 42 / 45 (93.3%)
- Without detected author names
- 3
- Without a structured title
- 2
- Without a stable identifier
- 11
- References with raw author names still to review
- 1
- References with external metadata lookup issues
- 1
- From DOI or external metadata
- 124
- From validated raw bibliography text
- 0
- Raw names already validated
- 0
- Raw names still to review
- 1
-
Susan W White , Thomas H. Ollendick , Bethany C. Bray (2011). College students on the autism spectrum . Autism, 15(6), 683-701. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Amy Accardo , S. Jay Kuder , John Woodruff (2019). Accommodations and support services preferred by college students with autism spectrum disorder . Autism, 23(3), 574-583. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Donna M. Mertens (2007). Transformative Paradigm . Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(3), 212-225. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
(2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.Crossref OpenAlex
-
David Sweetman , Manijeh Badiee , John W. Creswell (2010). Use of the Transformative Framework in Mixed Methods Studies . Qualitative Inquiry, 16(6), 441-454. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Association on Higher Education and Disability. (2012). Supporting accommodation requests: Guidance on documentation practices. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/accommodations/documentationType: OtherCrossref
-
Brian A Zaboski , Eric A. Storch (2018). Comorbid Autism Spectrum Disorder and Anxiety Disorders: A Brief Review . Future Neurology, 13(1), 31-37. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Sara Højslev Avlund , Per Hove Thomsen , Diana Schendel , Meta Jørgensen , Anders Helles Carlsen , Loa Clausen (2021). Factors Associated with a Delayed Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Children Previously Assessed on Suspicion of Autism . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(11), 3843-3856. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Julia Blasey , Cixin Wang , Ralph Blasey (2023). Accommodation Use and Academic Outcomes for College Students With Disabilities . Psychological Reports, 126(4), 1891-1909. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Tamara E. Rosen , Carla Mazefsky , Roma A. Vasa , Matthew D Lerner (2018). Co-occurring psychiatric conditions in autism spectrum disorder . International Review of Psychiatry, 30(1), 40-61. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Eilidh Cage , Jack Howes *Autistic author. Learn more… (2020). Dropping out and moving on: A qualitative study of autistic people’s experiences of university . Autism, 24(7), 1664-1675. SAGE Publications.
-
Alexandra Sturm , Connie Kasari (2019). Academic and psychosocial characteristics of incoming college freshmen with autism spectrum disorder: The role of comorbidity and gender . Autism Research, 12(6), 931-940. Wiley.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Crossref OpenAlex
-
Md Mahbub Hossain , Nusrat Khan , Abida Sultana , Ping Ma , E. Lisako J. McKyer , Helal Uddin Ahmed et al. (2020). Prevalence of comorbid psychiatric disorders among people with autism spectrum disorder: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses . Psychiatry Research, 287, 112922. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Charmaz K (2006). Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis . Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Chiu Y. C. J. (2019). Impact of disability services on academic achievement among college students with disabilities . Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 32(3), 227.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Jane D McLeod , Amelia Hawbaker , Emily Meanwell (2021). The health of college students on the autism spectrum as compared to their neurotypical peers . Autism, 25(3), 719-730. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Corbin J. (2008). Basics of qualitative research . Basics of qualitative research.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Bradley E. Cox *Autistic author. Learn more… , Jeffrey Edelstein , Bailey Brogdon , Amanda Roy (2021). Navigating Challenges to Facilitate Success for College Students with Autism . The Journal of Higher Education, 92(2), 252-278. Informa UK Limited.
-
Creswell J. W. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research . Designing and conducting mixed methods research.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Heather Douglas (2022). Sampling Techniques for Qualitative Research . In Principles of Social Research Methodology (pp. 415-426). Springer Nature Singapore.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Kari Duerksen , Richard Besney , Megan E. Ames , Carly A. McMorris (2021). Supporting Autistic Adults in Postsecondary Settings: A Systematic Review of Peer Mentorship Programs . Autism in Adulthood, 3(1), 85-99. SAGE Publications.Crossref OpenAlex
-
So Yoon Kim , Shannon Crowley LaPoint (2021). Understanding perceptions and experiences of autistic undergraduate students toward disability support offices of their higher education institutions . Research in Developmental Disabilities, 113, 103956. Elsevier BV.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Enders C. K. (2010). Applied missing data analysis . Applied missing data analysis.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Chaia Flegenheimer , K. Suzanne Scherf (2022). College as a Developmental Context for Emerging Adulthood in Autism: A Systematic Review of What We Know and Where We Go from Here . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(5), 2075-2097. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Stefania D. Petcu , Dalun Zhang , Yi-Fan Li (2021). Students with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Their First-Year College Experiences . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11822. MDPI AG.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Alina Friedman *Autistic author. Learn more… , Aspasia Paltoglou , Rossella Sorte (2024). A qualitative exploration of the experiences of self-diagnosed autistic women and gender-diverse individuals who are not pursuing an autism diagnosis . Neurodiversity, 2. SAGE Publications.
-
Marcella D. Stark , Endia J. Lindo (2023). Executive Functioning Supports for College Students with an Autism Spectrum Disorder . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10(4), 604-614. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
(n.d.). e_1_3_3_20_1Type: Other DOI: 10.1080/00221546.2025.254919Crossref
-
TC Waisman *Autistic author. Learn more… , Zachary J. Williams *Autistic author. Learn more… , Eilidh Cage , Siva priya Santhanam , Iliana Magiati , Dwyer, Patrick *Autistic author. Learn more… et al. (2023). Learning from the experts: Evaluating a participatory autism and universal design training for university educators . Autism, 27(2), 356-370. SAGE Publications.
-
Michelle I Malwane , Eric B Nguyen , Sergio Trejo , Erica Y Kim , José R Cucalón-Calderón (2022). A Delayed Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Setting of Complex Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder . Cureus, 14(6), e25825-e25825. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Jill Locke , ANTHONY OSUNA , Raine J. Myrvold , Jennifer Schoffer Closson (2024). Supporting Autistic College Students: Examining the Mentoring, Organization and Social Support for Autism Inclusion on Campus (MOSSAIC) Program . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 54(6), 2094-2107. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Haylie L. Miller , Morgan Thomi , Rita M. Patterson , Karabi Nandy (2023). Effects of Intersectionality Along the Pathway to Diagnosis for Autistic Children With and Without Co-occurring Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Nationally-Representative Sample . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(9), 3542-3557. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
McRuer R. (2006). Crip theory: Cultural signs of queerness and disability . Crip theory: Cultural signs of queerness and disability.Type: OtherCrossref
-
John H. Ward , Elizabeth Weir , C. Allison , S. Baron-Cohen (2023). Increased rates of chronic physical health conditions across all organ systems in autistic adolescents and adults . Molecular Autism, 14(1), 35. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Samara Wolpe (2026). Promoting Success in College: A Scoping Review of Autistic Students’ Postsecondary Education Experiences . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 13(2), 501-519. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Brett Ranon Nachman *Autistic author. Learn more… , Bradley E. Cox *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kristen Gillespie‐Lynch , Julie Lounds Taylor , Nicholas Gelbar , Emily Raclaw et al. (2026). “It's Absolutely About Just Surviving”: How Autistic College Students Define Success . Journal of Postsecondary Student Success, 5(3), 22-50. Florida State University Libraries.
-
Christine Syriopoulou-Delli , Kyriaki Sarri , Elpis Papaefstathiou , Areti-Eirini Filiou , Eleni Gkiolnta (2024). Educational Programs Supporting Higher Education Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Literature Review . Trends in Higher Education, 3(3), 710-724. MDPI AG.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Brett Ranon Nachman *Autistic author. Learn more… , Karly Ball Isaacson , Bradley E. Cox *Autistic author. Learn more… , Catherine McDermott *Autistic author. Learn more… (2026). “I Always Ended Up Getting Close to Other People Who are Autistic”: Autistic College Students’ Friendship Development . The Journal of Higher Education, 97(4), 734-759. Informa UK Limited.
-
Carolyn O’Laughlin (2025). “Like There’s an Asterisk Next to My Name … in a Place Designed to Weed Me Out:” Autistic Students Evaluate College Belonging . The Journal of Higher Education, 1-26. Informa UK Limited.Crossref OpenAlex
-
O’neill L. N. P. (2012). Predictors of graduation among college students with disabilities . Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 25, 21.Type: OtherCrossref
-
John Zilvinskis (2026). Measuring Disability Co-occurrence Among Students at 4-year Institutions . Journal of College Student Development, 67(1), 121-125. Project MUSE.Crossref OpenAlex
-
Saldaña J. (2015). The coding manual for qualitative researchers . The coding manual for qualitative researchers.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Scott S. (2021). A review of the biennial ahead surveys: Trends and changes in the demographics and work of disability resource professionals . Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 34(2), 107.Type: OtherCrossref
-
Wise S. J. (2023). We’re all neurodiverse: How to build a neurodiversity-affirming future and challenge neuronormativity . We’re all neurodiverse: How to build a neurodiversity-affirming future and challenge neuronormativity.Type: OtherCrossref