“Welcomed as I am, not as I am expected to be”: towards development of peer support for Autistic people with Eating Disorders

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Sader, M., Llowarch, N., Gerlof, J., Emmerson, F., Maloney, E., Duffy, F., & Gillespie-Smith, K. (2026). “Welcomed as I am, not as I am expected to be”: towards development of peer support for Autistic people with Eating Disorders. Eating Disorders, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10640266.2026.2691121

Publication date: 6 Jul 2026 Added to AutiHub: 8 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
7
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 7 (14.3%)

Abstract

Autistic people with eating disorders (ED) report different experiences and needs for ED treatment with a need to expand what existing support looks like. This qualitative study seeks to investigate the perspectives of Autistic people to examine whether peer support may play a role in ED recovery. Twenty-five Autistic adults with experience of EDs completed a survey enquiring about peer support for their community. Survey answers were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to generate emerging themes surrounding the perspectives and views towards bespoke peer support. Four identified themes encompass the importance and purpose of peer support for Autistic people with an ED: 1) Peer support to validate the unique considerations for Autistic people with an ED; 2) The importance of peer support to build a positive Autistic identity; 3) 'Welcomed as I am, not as I am expected to be": Autistic people's hopes for peer support; 4) Where peer support may harm rather than help. This study is the first to establish community-led views towards the importance and purpose underlying peer support for Autistic adults with an ED. Generated themes can serve as an evidence base for future autism-affirming peer support for ED recovery.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 17:07.

Cited references
40
With a DOI
37
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
3
11 / 40 (27.5%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
1 / 40 (2.5%)
References with detected author names
39 / 40 (97.5%)
Without detected author names
1
Without a structured title
1
Without a stable identifier
3
References with raw author names still to review
1
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
191
From DOI or external metadata
191
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
1
114 / 191 (59.7%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 77 / 191 (40.3%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
17 / 191 (8.9%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 17 / 114 (14.9%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 13 / 152 (8.6%).
  1. Carrie T. Allison , Bonnie Auyeung , Simon Baron-Cohen (2012). Toward Brief “Red Flags” for Autism Screening: The Short Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Short Quantitative Checklist in 1,000 Cases and 3,000 Controls . Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(2), 202-212.e7. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. Colleen Alford , Andrew Wallis , Phillipa Hay , Deborah Mitchison (2025). Understanding the child and adolescent eating disorder treatment experiences of autistic people and parents . Journal of Eating Disorders, 13(1), 128-128. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  3. Cynthia M. Bulik , Kenneth S. Kendler (2000). “I Am What I (Don’t) Eat”: Establishing an Identity Independent of an Eating Disorder . American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(11), 1755-1760. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  4. A. S. Zigmond , R. P. Snaith (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale . Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  5. González Moreno, Andrés Santiago (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders . American Psychiatric Association.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  6. Bruno Palazzo Nazar , Vanessa Peynenburg , Charlotte Rhind , Rebecca Hibbs , Ulrike Schmidt , Simon Gowers et al. (2018). An examination of the clinical outcomes of adolescents and young adults with broad autism spectrum traits and autism spectrum disorder and anorexia nervosa: A multi centre study . International Journal of Eating Disorders, 51(2), 174-179. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  7. Michael R. Liebowitz (2013). Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale . PsycTESTS Dataset. American Psychological Association (APA).
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. Charli Babb , Janina Brede , Catherine RG Jones , Mair Elliott , Cathy Zanker , Kate Tchanturia et al. (2021). ‘It’s not that they don’t want to access the support... it’s the impact of the autism’: The experience of eating disorder services from the perspective of autistic women, parents and healthcare professionals . Autism, 25(5), 1409-1421. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  9. Kathrin Nickel , Simon Maier , Dominique Endres , Andreas Joos , Viktoria Maier , Ludger Tebartz van Elst et al. (2019). Systematic Review: Overlap Between Eating, Autism Spectrum, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 708-708. Frontiers Media SA.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  10. Georgina Mullen , Clodagh Dowling , Jillian Doyle , Gary O'Reilly (2020). Experiences of compassion focused therapy in eating disorder recovery: A qualitative model . Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20(2), 248-262. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  11. Virginia Braun , Victoria Clarke (2021). One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, 18(3), 328-352. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  12. Reham A Hameed Shalaby , Vincent I O Agyapong (2020). Peer Support in Mental Health: Literature Review . JMIR Mental Health, 7(6), e15572. JMIR Publications Inc..
    Type: Article DOI: 10.2196/15572 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3006370585
    Crossref OpenAlex
  13. T.A.M. McDonald (2020). Autism Identity and the “Lost Generation”: Structural Validation of the Autism Spectrum Identity Scale and Comparison of Diagnosed and Self-Diagnosed Adults on the Autism Spectrum . Autism in Adulthood, 2(1), 13. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  14. Eilidh Cage , Zoe Troxell-Whitman (2020). Understanding the relationships between autistic identity, disclosure, and camouflaging . Autism Adulthood, 2(4), 334-338. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  15. Rosalind Cooper , Kate Cooper , Ailsa Russell , Laura G. E. Smith (2021). “I’m Proud to be a Little Bit Different”: The Effects of Autistic Individuals’ Perceptions of Autism and Autism Social Identity on Their Collective Self-esteem . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(2), 704-714. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  16. Emma Saure , Marja Laasonen , Tuulia Lepistö‐Paisley , Katri Mikkola , Monica Ålgars , Anu Raevuori (2020). Characteristics of autism spectrum disorders are associated with longer duration of anorexia nervosa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis . International Journal of Eating Disorders, 53(7), 1056-1079. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Catherine J. Crompton , Francesca Fotheringham , Katie Cebula , Charlotte Webber , Sarah Foley , Sue Fletcher-Watson (2024). Neurodivergent-designed and neurodivergent-led peer support in school: A feasibility and acceptability study of the neurodivergent peer support toolkit (NEST) . Neurodiversity, 2, 27546330241275248. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  18. James Downs , Marissa Adams (2025). Re-imagining connection: The role of late autism diagnosis in eating disorder recovery and social support . Journal of Eating Disorders, 13(1), 120. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  19. Jess Kerr‐Gaffney , Hannah Hayward , Emily Jones , Daniel Halls , Declan Murphy , Kate Tchanturia (2021). Autism symptoms in anorexia nervosa: a comparative study with females with autism spectrum disorder . Molecular Autism, 12(1), 47-47. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. Fiona Duffy , Imogen Peebles , Sarah J Taylor , Sophie Brassill , Beth Hughes , Helen Sharpe (2026). An evaluation of lived experience email peer support for young people with eating disorders . Eating Disorders, 34(2), 165-175. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  21. Søren Nielsen , Sandra Rydberg Dobrescu , Lisa Dinkler , Carina Gillberg , Christopher Gillberg , Maria Råstam et al. (2022). Effects of autism on 30-year outcome of anorexia nervosa . Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(1), 4-4. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  22. Fairburn C. G. (2008). Eating disorder examination questionnaire . Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders, 309(313), 509.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  23. Francesca Fotheringham , Katie Cebula , Sue Fletcher-Watson , Sarah Foley , Catherine J. Crompton (2023). Co-designing a neurodivergent student-led peer support programme for neurodivergent young people in mainstream high schools . Neurodiversity, 1. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  24. Ben Gray , Matthew Sisto (2024). Peer Support Work in Hospital: A First Person and Lived Experience Guide . Schizophrenia Bulletin Open, 5(1), sgad035-sgad035. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Crossref OpenAlex
  25. Tanya Halsall , Mardi Daley , Lisa Hawke , Joanna Henderson , Kimberly Matheson (2022). “You can kind of just feel the power behind what someone's saying”: a participatory-realist evaluation of peer support for young people coping with complex mental health and substance use challenges . BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 1358-1358. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. Andrea LaMarre , Jennifer Couturier , Gina Dimitropoulos , Shaleen Jones , Sonia Kumar , Nicole Obeid et al. (2024). Peer support for eating disorders in Canada: program user perspectives . Journal of Eating Disorders, 12(1), 133-133. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  27. Rachel Loomes , Katy Chivers , Chloé Georgeaux‐Healy , Will Mandy , Tom Jewell (2025). Understanding the autistic experience of restrictive eating disorders-A systematic review and qualitative-synthesis . European Eating Disorders Review, 33(4), 800. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/erv.3181 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4408245620
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. Mead S. (2003). Defining peer support.
    Type: Other
    Crossref
  29. Wood S. (2015). At the heart of health: Realising the value of people and communities . At the heart of health: Realising the value of people and communities.
    Type: Other
    Crossref