Déficits sémantiques liés à l'action et altération des habiletés motrices chez des adultes autistes sans déficience intellectuelle

Titre original en anglais : Action Semantic Deficits and Impaired Motor Skills in Autistic Adults Without Intellectual Impairment

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Hillus, J., Moseley, R., Roepke, S., & Mohr, B. (2019). Action Semantic Deficits and Impaired Motor Skills in Autistic Adults Without Intellectual Impairment. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 13, 256-256. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00256

Date de publication: 25/07/2019 Ajout dans AutiHub: 06/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
4
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 4 (25,0 %)
  1. Josephina Hillus
  2. Rachel Moseley *
  3. Stefan Roepke
  4. Bettina Mohr

Résumé

Plusieurs études indiquent l'importance fonctionnelle du cortex moteur pour la cognition supérieure, le langage et le traitement sémantique, et situent le substrat neural de ces processus dans des circuits sensorimoteurs d'action-perception reliant les régions motrices, sensorielles et périsylviennes du langage. Il est intéressant de noter que, chez les personnes présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA), le traitement sémantique des mots d'action et d'émotion semble être altéré et est associé à une hypoactivité du cortex moteur lors du traitement sémantique. Dans cette étude, la relation entre le traitement sémantique, les capacités de motricité fine et les symptômes cliniques a été examinée chez 19 personnes présentant un TSA et 22 témoins appariés au développement typique. Les participants ont réalisé deux tâches de décision sémantique impliquant des mots issus de différentes catégories sémantiques, un test d'alexithymie (l'échelle d'alexithymie de Toronto) et un test de motricité fine (le Purdue Pegboard Test). Une interaction significative Groupe × Catégorie de mots sur l'exactitude (p < 0.05) a mis en évidence un traitement sémantique altéré pour les mots d'action, mais non pour les mots d'objet, dans le groupe autiste. Il n'y avait pas de différence significative entre les groupes lors du traitement de mots émotionnels abstraits ou de mots neutres abstraits. De plus, notre étude a révélé des déficits de motricité fine ainsi que des signes d'alexithymie dans le groupe TSA, mais non chez les témoins neurotypiques. Toutefois, ces déficits moteurs ne corrélaient pas significativement avec les altérations du traitement sémantique des actions. Nous interprétons les données en termes d'un dysfonctionnement sous-jacent du système d'action-perception dans le TSA et de son impact spécifique sur le traitement sémantique du langage.

Several studies indicate the functional importance of the motor cortex for higher cognition, language and semantic processing, and place the neural substrate of these processes in sensorimotor action-perception circuits linking motor, sensory and perisylvian language regions. Interestingly, in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), semantic processing of action and emotion words seems to be impaired and is associated with hypoactivity of the motor cortex during semantic processing. In this study, the relationship between semantic processing, fine motor skills and clinical symptoms was investigated in 19 individuals with ASD and 22 typically-developing matched controls. Participants completed two semantic decision tasks involving words from different semantic categories, a test of alexithymia (the Toronto Alexithymia Scale), and a test of fine motor skills (the Purdue Pegboard Test). A significant Group × Word Category interaction in accuracy (p < 0.05) demonstrated impaired semantic processing for action words, but not object words in the autistic group. There was no significant group difference when processing abstract emotional words or abstract neutral words. Moreover, our study revealed deficits in fine motor skills as well as evidence for alexithymia in the ASD group, but not in neurotypical controls. However, these motor deficits did not correlate significantly with impairments in action-semantic processing. We interpret the data in terms of an underlying dysfunction of the action-perception system in ASD and its specific impact on semantic language processing.

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Vue d’ensemble de l’inclusion dans la bibliographie

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:31.

Références citées
103
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
8 / 103 (7,8 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
8 / 454 (1,8 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 8 / 126 (6,3 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 1 / 348 (0,3 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
126 / 454 (27,8 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 59 / 348 (17,0 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
118 / 126 (93,7 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 118 / 454 (26,0 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 58 / 59 (98,3 %).
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