Le traitement visuel amélioré contribue au raisonnement matriciel dans l’autisme

Titre original en anglais : Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism

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Soulières, I., Dawson, M., Samson, F., Barbeau, É. B., Sahyoun, C. P., Strangman, G., Zeffiro, T. A., & Mottron, L. (2009). Enhanced visual processing contributes to matrix reasoning in autism. Human Brain Mapping, 30(12), 4082-4107. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20831

Date de publication: 15/06/2009 Ajout dans AutiHub: 03/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
8
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 8 (12,5 %)
  1. Isabelle Soulières
  2. Michelle Dawson *
  3. Fabienne Samson
  4. Élise B. Barbeau
  1. Chérif P. Sahyoun
  2. Gary Strangman
  3. Thomas A. Zeffiro
  4. Laurent Mottron

Résumé

De récentes investigations comportementales ont révélé que les personnes autistes obtiennent de meilleures performances aux Matrices progressives standard de Raven (RSPM) que ne le prédiraient leurs scores d’intelligence de Wechsler. Test largement utilisé du raisonnement fluide et de l’intelligence, les RSPM évaluent les capacités à inférer de manière flexible des règles, à gérer des hiérarchies de buts et à effectuer des abstractions de haut niveau. Les substrats neuronaux de ces capacités sont connus pour englober un vaste réseau frontopariétal, différents modèles de traitement accordant une importance variable aux rôles spécifiques des régions préfrontales ou postérieures. Nous avons utilisé l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle pour explorer les bases neuronales de la résolution de problèmes aux RSPM chez les personnes autistes. Quinze participants autistes et dix-huit participants non autistes, appariés selon l’âge, le sexe, la préférence manuelle et le QI de Wechsler, ont réalisé 60 items de RSPM auto-rythmés et présentés dans un ordre aléatoire, ainsi qu’une tâche de comparaison d’appariement de motifs visuellement similaire comportant 60 items. L’exactitude et les temps de réponse ne différaient pas entre les groupes dans la tâche d’appariement de motifs. Dans la tâche RSPM, les personnes autistes obtenaient une exactitude similaire, mais des temps de réponse plus courts, comparativement à leurs témoins non autistes. Tant dans l’échantillon entier que dans un sous-échantillon de participants également appariés sur la performance aux RSPM afin de contrôler les facteurs de confusion potentiels liés au temps de réponse, l’activité neuronale était similaire dans les deux groupes pour la tâche d’appariement de motifs. Cependant, pour la tâche RSPM, les personnes autistes présentaient une activité liée à la tâche relativement accrue dans les aires extrastriées (BA18), et une activité diminuée dans le cortex préfrontal latéral (BA9) et le cortex pariétal postérieur médian (BA7). Les mécanismes de traitement visuel pourraient donc jouer un rôle plus important dans le raisonnement chez les personnes autistes.

Recent behavioral investigations have revealed that autistics perform more proficiently on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) than would be predicted by their Wechsler intelligence scores. A widely-used test of fluid reasoning and intelligence, the RSPM assays abilities to flexibly infer rules, manage goal hierarchies, and perform high-level abstractions. The neural substrates for these abilities are known to encompass a large frontoparietal network, with different processing models placing variable emphasis on the specific roles of the prefrontal or posterior regions. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the neural bases of autistics' RSPM problem solving. Fifteen autistic and eighteen non-autistic participants, matched on age, sex, manual preference and Wechsler IQ, completed 60 self-paced randomly-ordered RSPM items along with a visually similar 60-item pattern matching comparison task. Accuracy and response times did not differ between groups in the pattern matching task. In the RSPM task, autistics performed with similar accuracy, but with shorter response times, compared to their non-autistic controls. In both the entire sample and a subsample of participants additionally matched on RSPM performance to control for potential response time confounds, neural activity was similar in both groups for the pattern matching task. However, for the RSPM task, autistics displayed relatively increased task-related activity in extrastriate areas (BA18), and decreased activity in the lateral prefrontal cortex (BA9) and the medial posterior parietal cortex (BA7). Visual processing mechanisms may therefore play a more prominent role in reasoning in autistics.

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Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée importée pour cette publication. Les métriques de références citées utilisent le total des références citées comme dénominateur. Les métriques d’auteurices cité·es indiquent si elles utilisent toutes les occurrences d’auteurices cité·es ou seulement les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices déjà intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Ils utilisent les rattachements mis en cache entre les auteurices cité·es et les auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub. Dernier calcul : 16/08/2026 11:30.

Références citées
122
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
2 / 122 (1,6 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
2 / 500 (0,4 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 2 / 34 (5,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 1 / 423 (0,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
34 / 500 (6,8 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 20 / 423 (4,7 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
32 / 34 (94,1 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 32 / 500 (6,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 19 / 20 (95,0 %).
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