Étude des associations entre le traitement sensoriel autodéclaré, les symptômes de troubles des conduites alimentaires, la neurodivergence et la congruence de genre selon une perspective fondée sur l'expérience vécue

Titre original en anglais : Investigation of associations between self-reported sensory processing, eating disorder symptoms, neurodivergence, and gender congruence from a lived experience lens

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Cobbaert, L., Schweizer, K. W., Thomas, K. S., Elwyn, R., Bier, C., Sharpe, S. L., Hay, P., Mitchell, P. B., & Miskovic‐Wheatley, J. (2026). Investigation of associations between self-reported sensory processing, eating disorder symptoms, neurodivergence, and gender congruence from a lived experience lens. Journal of Eating Disorders, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-026-01551-8

Date de publication: 25/02/2026 Ajout dans AutiHub: 05/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
9
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 9 (11,1 %)
  1. Laurence Cobbaert *
  2. K. W. Schweizer
  3. Kai S. Thomas
  4. Rosiel Elwyn
  5. Caide Bier
  1. Sam L. Sharpe
  2. Phillipa Hay
  3. Philip B. Mitchell
  4. Jane Miskovic‐Wheatley

Résumé

Les troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) sont de plus en plus reconnus chez les personnes neurodivergentes et transgenres et de genres divers (TGD), mais la plupart des modèles d'évaluation et de traitement restent ancrés dans des hypothèses et cadres cisnormatifs et neuronormatifs. Le traitement sensoriel, couvrant l'intéroception et l'extéroception, a été proposé comme un facteur potentiel pouvant aider à expliquer les associations observées entre les traits neurodivergents, l'incongruence de genre et les TCA. Les données empiriques restent toutefois limitées. Cette étude a examiné si les caractéristiques du traitement sensoriel expliquaient une part de la variance des associations observées entre les traits neurodivergents (en mettant l'accent sur l'autisme et le trouble du déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité, TDAH), l'incongruence de genre et les symptômes de TCA dans un échantillon communautaire d'adultes. Les participants (N = 195) ont répondu à une enquête Qualtrics en ligne comprenant des mesures autodéclarées validées de l'extéroception, de la sensibilité intéroceptive, de la congruence de genre et des symptômes de TCA (par exemple, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short, EDE-QS, et Nine Item Avoidant or Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screener, NIAS). Des analyses de corrélation, de régression et d'effets ont été utilisées pour explorer les associations entre les traits neurodivergents autodéclarés, l'incongruence de genre, le traitement sensoriel et les symptômes de TCA. L'incongruence de genre et les traits autistiques ont montré des associations positives avec les symptômes de TCA restrictifs et évitants. Les traits de TDAH ont montré des associations positives avec un éventail plus large de symptômes de TCA, incluant des manifestations restrictives, évitantes et d'hyperphagie. L'incongruence de genre a également montré des associations positives avec des différences de traitement sensoriel dans les domaines extéroceptif et intéroceptif : à savoir, une sensibilité visuelle et auditive accrue ainsi qu'une confiance corporelle réduite. En outre, la sensibilité intéroceptive, en particulier une confiance corporelle plus faible, a montré des relations statistiques significatives avec les traits moteurs du TDAH et les scores EDE-QS. La sensibilité intéroceptive a également montré des relations statistiques significatives dans les modèles incluant l'incongruence de genre et les scores EDE-QS. L'hypersensibilité extéroceptive a montré une relation statistique partielle dans les modèles examinant l'incongruence de genre et les scores NIAS. À la connaissance des auteurs, cette étude constitue la première investigation empirique intersectionnelle, guidée par l'expérience vécue, reliant l'intéroception et l'extéroception aux traits neurodivergents, à l'incongruence de genre et aux symptômes de TCA. Les résultats soulignent la pertinence de perspectives intersectionnelles, informées par les aspects sensoriels et affirmant l'identité pour les recherches futures et le développement continu de l'évaluation et des soins des TCA. Nous avons invité des adultes à répondre à une enquête anonyme en ligne sur les symptômes de troubles des conduites alimentaires, le degré de confort qu'ils ressentaient par rapport à leur genre, leurs expériences sensorielles et les traits associés à l'autisme ou au TDAH. Au total, 195 personnes ont participé entre juillet et septembre 2025. Les personnes qui se sentaient moins à l'aise ou moins en congruence avec leurs caractéristiques physiques par rapport à leur identité de genre ont signalé davantage de symptômes de troubles des conduites alimentaires. La manière dont les personnes donnent sens aux signaux corporels internes et font confiance à leur corps (sensibilité intéroceptive) a aidé à expliquer ces liens. Une confiance moindre envers les signaux corporels et une moindre perception des sensations internes étaient associées à davantage de problèmes alimentaires. Une extéroception accrue, en particulier la sensibilité aux images et aux sons, était également liée à l'incongruence de genre et aux symptômes de troubles des conduites alimentaires. Les traits autistiques étaient principalement liés à une alimentation évitante ou restrictive. Les traits de TDAH étaient liés à un ensemble plus large de comportements alimentaires désordonnés, notamment la restriction alimentaire et l'hyperphagie. Ces résultats suggèrent que des recherches plus nombreuses sur le rôle du traitement sensoriel dans l'alimentation désordonnée, dans le contexte de la neurodivergence et de la diversité de genre, pourraient aider à adapter les traitements afin de mieux répondre aux besoins de soutien des personnes de genres divers et neurodivergentes.

Eating disorders (EDs) are increasingly recognised among neurodivergent and transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals, yet most assessment and treatment models remain grounded in cisnormative and neuronormative assumptions and frameworks. Sensory processing, spanning interoception and exteroception, has been proposed as a potential factor that may help explain observed associations between neurodivergent traits, gender incongruence, and EDs. Empirical evidence, however, remains limited. This study examined whether sensory processing characteristics accounted for variance in observed associations between neurodivergent traits (with a focus on Autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD), gender incongruence, and ED symptoms in an adult community sample. Participants (N = 195) completed an online Qualtrics survey involving validated self-report measures of exteroception, interoceptive sensibility, gender congruence, and ED symptoms (for example, Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire Short, EDE-QS and Nine Item Avoidant or Restrictive Food Intake Disorder Screener, NIAS). Correlation, regression, and effects analyses were used to explore associations among self-reported neurodivergent traits, gender incongruence, sensory processing, and ED symptoms. Gender incongruence and Autistic traits showed positive associations with restrictive and avoidant ED symptoms. ADHD traits showed positive associations with a broader range of ED symptoms, including restrictive, avoidant, and binge eating presentations. Gender incongruence also showed positive associations with sensory processing differences across both exteroceptive and interoceptive domains: namely, elevated visual and auditory sensitivity and reduced body trust. Furthermore, interoceptive sensibility, particularly lower body trust, showed significant statistical relations with ADHD motor traits and EDE-QS scores. Interoceptive sensibility also showed significant statistical relations in models including gender incongruence and EDE-QS scores. Exteroceptive hypersensitivity showed a partial statistical relation in models examining gender incongruence and NIAS scores. To the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first lived experience-led empirical intersectional investigation linking interoception and exteroception with neurodivergent traits, gender incongruence, and ED symptoms. Results highlight the relevance of intersectional, sensory-informed, and identity-affirming perspectives for future research and the ongoing development of ED assessment and care. We invited adults to complete an anonymous online survey about eating disorder symptoms, how comfortable they felt with their gender, their sensory experiences, and traits linked with Autism or ADHD. A total of 195 people took part between July and September 2025. People who felt less comfortable or less congruent with their physical characteristics in relation to their gender identity reported more eating disorder symptoms. How people make sense of internal bodily cues and trust their bodies (interoceptive sensibility) helped explain these links. Lower trust in bodily signals and lower noticing of internal sensations were associated with more eating problems. Heightened exteroception, particularly sensitivity to sights and sounds, was also linked with gender incongruence and eating disorder symptoms. Autistic traits were mostly related to avoidant or restrictive eating. ADHD traits were related to a wider set of disordered eating behaviours, including restricting and binge eating. These findings suggest that more investigations into the role of sensory processing in disordered eating in the context of neurodivergence and gender diversity might help tailor treatment in order to better meet the support needs of gender diverse and neurodivergent individuals.

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Références citées
145
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
10 / 145 (6,9 %)
Occurrences d’auteur·ices cité·es identifié·es comme autistes
13 / 1107 (1,2 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 13 / 150 (8,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 10 / 848 (1,2 %).
Occurrences citées rattachées à la base AutiHub
150 / 1107 (13,6 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 104 / 848 (12,3 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
137 / 150 (91,3 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 137 / 1107 (12,4 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 94 / 104 (90,4 %).
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