La neurodiversité dans le sport d'élite : une revue exploratoire systématique

Titre original en anglais : Neurodiversity in elite sport: a systematic scoping review

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Hoare, E., Reyes, J., Olive, L., Willmott, C., Steer, E., Berk, M., & Hall, K. (2023). Neurodiversity in elite sport: a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 9(2), e001575. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001575

Date de publication: 01/06/2023 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/09/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
7
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 7 (14,3 %)
  1. Erin Hoare *
  2. Jonathan Reyes
  3. Lisa Olive
  4. Catherine Willmott
  1. Emma Steer
  2. Michael Berk
  3. Kate Hall

Résumé

L'objectif de cette revue exploratoire systématique est de comprendre l'étendue et la portée des données probantes concernant la neurodiversité dans le sport d'élite. Cette revue exploratoire systématique a pris en compte les études épidémiologiques, les articles de commentaires et de points de vue, les revues systématiques et les méta-analyses, ainsi que toute étude d'intervention ou de traitement clinique, de prise en charge et de pratique en relation avec la neurodiversité dans le sport d'élite. Les études de cas et la littérature grise n'étaient pas admissibles à la revue. La neurodivergence incluait des troubles du neurodéveloppement tels que le trouble du spectre de l'autisme, le trouble du déficit de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) et les troubles spécifiques des apprentissages. Le sport d'élite était défini comme le sport olympique, paralympique, national, international, professionnel et semi-professionnel. Les 23 études finales incluses dans cette revue comprenaient 10 études observationnelles, 4 revues systématiques/narratives, 6 commentaires/déclarations de position et 3 études qualitatives. La littérature mettait principalement l'accent sur le TDAH en tant que facteur de risque de commotion cérébrale et de pronostic de récupération post-commotionnelle. En outre, l'accent était mis sur la prise en charge médicale du TDAH, concernant le respect des réglementations antidopage sportives. Une étude portait sur l'expérience de l'autisme chez les athlètes dans des environnements de sport d'élite au moyen d'entretiens qualitatifs. Une étude portait sur les troubles anxieux chez les athlètes d'élite, le TDAH apparaissant comme un facteur de risque majeur. Il existe une solide justification pour que les recherches futures s'appuient sur les données probantes relatives à la neurodiversité dans le sport d'élite afin de favoriser des environnements sportifs d'élite favorables et inclusifs.

The objective of this systematic scoping review is to understand the extent and scope of evidence regarding neurodiversity in elite sport. This systematic scoping review considered epidemiological studies, com mentary and viewpoints papers, systematic review and meta-analyses, and any intervention or clinical treatment, management and practice studies in relation to neurodiversity in elite sport. Case studies and grey literature were ineligible for review. Neurodivergence included neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific learning disorders. Elite sport was defined as Olympic, Paralympic, national, international, professional and semiprofessional sport. The final 23 studies included in this review comprised 10 observational studies, 4 systematic/narrative reviews, 6 commentary/position statements and 3 qualitative studies. The literature reflected a major focus on ADHD as a risk factor for concussion and prognosis for postconcussion recovery. Further, there was a focus on the medical management of ADHD, regarding adherence to sporting antidoping regulations. One study focused on the experience of autism in athletes in elite sport settings through qualitative interviews. One study focused on anxiety disorders in elite athletes, with ADHD emerging as a major risk factor. There is a strong rationale for future research to build on the evidence for neurodiversity in elite sport to foster supportive and inclusive elite sporting environments.

Bibliographie citée par cette référence

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Vue d’ensemble de la bibliographie citée

Ces indicateurs décrivent la bibliographie citée par cette publication. Un nom d’auteurice est compté chaque fois qu’il apparaît dans une référence citée : une même personne peut donc être comptée plusieurs fois. Les noms qui ne sont pas encore associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub sont traités comme inconnus, pas comme non autistes. Dernier calcul : 12/09/2026 01:04.

Références citées
73
Avec un DOI
70
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
3
7 / 73 (9,6 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
4 / 73 (5,5 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
69 / 73 (94,5 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
4
Sans titre structuré
3
Sans identifiant stable
2
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
2
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
Ces indicateurs portent sur les références citées affichées sur cette page, après fusion des doublons techniques. Une référence sans DOI peut quand même soutenir les statistiques d’auteurices lorsqu’un titre et des noms d’auteurices sont disponibles.
Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
316
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
316
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
2
60 / 316 (19,0 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 256 / 316 (81,0 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
10 / 316 (3,2 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 10 / 60 (16,7 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 10 / 289 (3,5 %).
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