Amélioration de la mesure de l’alexithymie chez les adultes autistes : une investigation psychométrique de l’échelle d’alexithymie de Toronto à 20 items et génération d’un score de facteur général d’alexithymie à l’aide de la théorie de réponse à l’item

Titre original en anglais : Improving the measurement of alexithymia in autistic adults: a psychometric investigation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and generation of a general alexithymia factor score using item response theory

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Williams, Z. J. & Gotham, K. (2021). Improving the measurement of alexithymia in autistic adults: a psychometric investigation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and generation of a general alexithymia factor score using item response theory. Molecular Autism, 12(1), 56-56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-021-00463-5

Date de publication: 10/08/2021 Ajout dans AutiHub: 07/07/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
2
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1 / 2 (50,0 %)
  1. Zachary J. Williams *
  2. Katherine Gotham

Résumé

CONTEXTE : L’alexithymie, un trait de personnalité caractérisé par des difficultés à interpréter les états émotionnels, est fréquemment élevée chez les adultes autistes, et un corpus croissant de littérature suggère que ce trait sous-tend plusieurs différences cognitives et émotionnelles auparavant attribuées à l’autisme. Bien que des questionnaires tels que l’échelle d’alexithymie de Toronto à 20 items (TAS-20) soient fréquemment utilisés pour mesurer l’alexithymie dans la population autiste, peu d’études ont examiné les propriétés psychométriques de ces questionnaires chez les adultes autistes, notamment l’existence d’un fonctionnement différentiel des items (I-DIF) entre les adultes autistes et les adultes de la population générale. MÉTHODES : Cette étude est une version révisée d’un article précédent qui a été rétracté en raison de préoccupations liées au droit d’auteur (Williams et Gotham dans Mol Autism 12:1-40). Nous avons mené une analyse psychométrique approfondie de la TAS-20 dans un large échantillon de 743 adultes autistes ayant des capacités cognitives préservées, recrutés à partir du vivier de participants SPARK de la Simons Foundation, et de 721 témoins de la population générale inscrits à une vaste étude psychologique internationale. La structure factorielle de la TAS-20 a été examinée au moyen d’une analyse factorielle confirmatoire, et la théorie de réponse à l’item a été utilisée pour générer un sous-ensemble d’items constituant de forts indicateurs d’un facteur d’« alexithymie générale ». Les corrélations entre l’alexithymie et d’autres résultats cliniques ont été utilisées pour évaluer la validité nomologique du nouveau score d’alexithymie dans l’échantillon SPARK. RÉSULTATS : La TAS-20 n’a pas présenté un ajustement de modèle adéquat dans les échantillons autiste ou de population générale. Une réduction empirique des items a été entreprise, aboutissant à un score de facteur général d’alexithymie à 8 items (GAFS-8, sans référence à « TAS » en raison du droit d’auteur) présentant de solides propriétés psychométriques et un I-DIF pratiquement négligeable entre les groupes diagnostiques. Les analyses corrélationnelles ont indiqué que les scores GAFS-8, dérivés de la TAS-20, prédisent de manière significative les niveaux de traits autistiques, les comportements répétitifs et les symptômes de dépression, même après contrôle du névrosisme en tant que trait. Le GAFS-8 n’a également présenté aucune diminution significative de validité nomologique par rapport à la TAS-20 complète chez les participants autistes. LIMITES : Les limites de l’étude actuelle comprennent un échantillon d’adultes autistes majoritairement féminin, diagnostiqué plus tardivement et très instruit ; des groupes cliniques et témoins issus d’études différentes avec des mesures variables ; l’administration de seulement 16 des items de la TAS-20 à l’échantillon non autiste ; et l’impossibilité de tester plusieurs autres caractéristiques psychométriques importantes du GAFS-8, notamment la sensibilité au changement et l’I-DIF lors d’administrations multiples. CONCLUSIONS : Ces résultats indiquent le potentiel du GAFS-8 pour mesurer de manière robuste l’alexithymie chez les adultes autistes et non autistes. Un calculateur de score en ligne gratuit a été créé afin de faciliter l’utilisation de scores de traits latents GAFS-8 référencés à des normes dans des applications de recherche (disponible à l’adresse https://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/alexithymia ).

BACKGROUND: Alexithymia, a personality trait characterized by difficulties interpreting emotional states, is commonly elevated in autistic adults, and a growing body of literature suggests that this trait underlies several cognitive and emotional differences previously attributed to autism. Although questionnaires such as the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) are frequently used to measure alexithymia in the autistic population, few studies have investigated the psychometric properties of these questionnaires in autistic adults, including whether differential item functioning (I-DIF) exists between autistic and general population adults. METHODS: This study is a revised version of a previous article that was retracted due to copyright concerns (Williams and Gotham in Mol Autism 12:1-40). We conducted an in-depth psychometric analysis of the TAS-20 in a large sample of 743 cognitively able autistic adults recruited from the Simons Foundation SPARK participant pool and 721 general population controls enrolled in a large international psychological study. The factor structure of the TAS-20 was examined using confirmatory factor analysis, and item response theory was used to generate a subset of the items that were strong indicators of a "general alexithymia" factor. Correlations between alexithymia and other clinical outcomes were used to assess the nomological validity of the new alexithymia score in the SPARK sample. RESULTS: The TAS-20 did not exhibit adequate model fit in either the autistic or general population samples. Empirically driven item reduction was undertaken, resulting in an 8-item general alexithymia factor score (GAFS-8, with "TAS" no longer referenced due to copyright) with sound psychometric properties and practically ignorable I-DIF between diagnostic groups. Correlational analyses indicated that GAFS-8 scores, as derived from the TAS-20, meaningfully predict autistic trait levels, repetitive behaviors, and depression symptoms, even after controlling for trait neuroticism. The GAFS-8 also presented no meaningful decrement in nomological validity over the full TAS-20 in autistic participants. LIMITATIONS: Limitations of the current study include a sample of autistic adults that was majority female, later diagnosed, and well educated; clinical and control groups drawn from different studies with variable measures; only 16 of the TAS-20 items being administered to the non-autistic sample; and an inability to test several other important psychometric characteristics of the GAFS-8, including sensitivity to change and I-DIF across multiple administrations. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the potential of the GAFS-8 to robustly measure alexithymia in both autistic and non-autistic adults. A free online score calculator has been created to facilitate the use of norm-referenced GAFS-8 latent trait scores in research applications (available at https://asdmeasures.shinyapps.io/alexithymia ).

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Références citées
204
Nombre total de références citées intégrées pour cette publication.
Références citées avec un·e auteur·ice identifié·e comme autiste
9 / 204 (4,4 %)
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9 / 941 (1,0 %)
Parmi les occurrences rattachées à des auteurices intégré·es à la base de données AutiHub : 9 / 91 (9,9 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es identifié·es comme autistes : 2 / 804 (0,2 %).
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91 / 941 (9,7 %)
Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es : 65 / 804 (8,1 %)
Occurrences rattachées, non identifiées comme autistes
82 / 91 (90,1 %)
Parmi les seules occurrences rattachées. Sur l’ensemble des occurrences d’auteurices cité·es : 82 / 941 (8,7 %). Auteurices cité·es distinct·es rattaché·es, non identifié·es comme autistes : 63 / 65 (96,9 %).
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