“Struggling for Years”: An international survey on Autistic experiences of menopause

Authors

Abstract

Emerging research suggests that menopause can be a difficult transition for some Autistic people. This international co-produced survey explored factors that might make menopause harder for Autistic people, such as lack of menopause and autism awareness; moreover, we aimed to explore what support Autistic people needed and what could help them cope and even flourish during this time. We employed a mixed-methods approach to analyze quantitative and qualitative responses from 508 Autistic participants. Both the quantitative and qualitative data supported relationships between lack of menopause and autism awareness and overall difficulties during menopause. Autistic participants wanted more appropriate and Autistic-specific information about menopause, and perceived lack of clinician awareness about both menopause and autism as barriers to care and support. Finally, participants reported discovery of ways to cope and even flourish during menopause through self-awareness and self-acceptance. Better awareness of autism and access to Autistic-specific menopause information is important in helping Autistic people transition through menopause. Lay abstract We believe that many Autistic people may struggle with menopause. However, we know very little about factors that might make menopause more difficult for Autistic people, and things that might help them through this transition. Our online survey, co-produced with Autistic people, explored whether a lack of awareness about menopause and autism might lead to a more difficult menopause experience. We also aimed to understand what kind of support and information Autistic people need in menopause, and what, if anything, helped Autistic people in menopause cope and even flourish through this life transition. We received 508 usable responses from Autistic participants in 24 different countries. Overall, the study found a relationship between lack of menopause awareness and difficulty of menopause: i.e., that those who had less knowledge about menopause tended to have a harder time. The study also found that lack of awareness of one’s autism at the start of menopause was associated with a more difficult menopause experience. Participants reported that they wished they had had more appropriate and autistic-specific information about menopause before it started. They also indicated that a lack of information and training amongst clinicians about both menopause and autism were barriers to support. Finally, greater self-awareness and self-acceptance amongst other coping mechanisms helped participants. Our findings highlight where there are gaps in knowledge and support for Autistic people during menopause. They highlight that knowledge about menopause, and about one’s autism, are extremely important. They also highlight coping strategies that some Autistic people have found helpful.

1. Roberta D. Brinton , Jia Yao , Fei Yin , Wendy J. Mack , Enrique Cadenas (2015). Perimenopause as a neurological transition state . Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 11(7), 393-405. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2015.82 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1913092771

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
2. Eleni Armeni , Nicoletta Mili , Elina Siliogka , Dimitrios G. Goulis , Irene Lambrinoudaki (2022). Menopause medical education around the world: The way forward to serve women's health . Current Opinion in Endocrine and Metabolic Research, 26, 100387. Elsevier BV.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100387 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4289860590

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
3. Victoria Newell , Lucy Phillips , Chris Jones , Ellen Townsend , Caroline Richards , Sarah Cassidy (2023). A systematic review and meta-analysis of suicidality in autistic and possibly autistic people without co-occurring intellectual disability . Molecular Autism, 14(1), 12-12. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s13229-023-00544-7 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4324354182

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
4. Lindsay Till Hoyt , April M. Falconi (2015). Puberty and perimenopause: Reproductive transitions and their implications for women's health . Social Science & Medicine, 132, 103-112. Elsevier BV.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.031 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W1987956232

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
5. Claudia Barth , Arno Villringer , Julia Sacher (2015). Sex hormones affect neurotransmitters and shape the adult female brain during hormonal transition periods . Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 37-37. Frontiers Media SA.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00037 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2023482999

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
6. Amnon Brzezinski (2018). Menopausal symptoms . Menopause, 1. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/00042192-900000000-97438 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4234083106

   OpenCitations
7. Sophie Behrman , Clair Crockett (2024). Severe mental illness and the perimenopause . BJPsych Bulletin, 48(6), 364-370. Royal College of Psychiatrists.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2023.89 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4388637714

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
8. Yunhe Huang , Samuel R. C. Arnold , Kitty‐Rose Foley , Julian N Trollor (2020). Diagnosis of autism in adulthood: A scoping review . Autism, 24(6), 1311-1327. SAGE Publications.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361320903128 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3008810253

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
9. Stephanie V. Koebele , Heather A. Bimonte-Nelson (2017). The endocrine-brain-aging triad where many paths meet: female reproductive hormone changes at midlife and their influence on circuits important for learning and memory . Experimental Gerontology, 94, 14-23. Elsevier BV.

   Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.011 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2562329978

   Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
10. Hannah L. Belcher , Sharon Morein-Zamir , Will Mandy , Ruth M. Ford (2022). Camouflaging Intent, First Impressions, and Age of ASC Diagnosis in Autistic Men and Women . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(8), 3413-3426. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05221-3 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3192730527

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
11. Nicholas Chown *Autistic author. Learn more… , Jackie Robinson , Luke Beardon , Jillian Downing , Elizabeth Hughes , Julia Leatherland et al. (2017). Improving research about us, with us: a draft framework for inclusive autism research . Disability & Society, 32(5), 720-734. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2017.1320273 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2610206486

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars AutiHub · Documentation center Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
12. Monique Botha *Autistic author. Learn more… , Eilidh Cage (2022). Autism research is in crisis: A mixed method study of researcher’s constructions of autistic people and autism research. Front. Psychol., 13.

    Type: Other DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022f.1050897 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4309855376 Crossref: not found DataCite: not found

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars AutiHub · Documentation center Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
13. Elizabeth O’Nions , Irene Petersen , Joshua E.J. Buckman , Rebecca A. Charlton , Claudia Cooper , Anne Corbett et al. (2023). Autism in England: assessing underdiagnosis in a population-based cohort study of prospectively collected primary care data . The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, 29, 100626. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100626 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4362579857

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
14. Lydia Brown , Valerie Brown , Fiona Judd , Christina Bryant (2018). It’s not as bad as you think: menopausal representations are more positive in postmenopausal women . Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, 39(4), 281-288. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/0167482x.2017.1368486 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2759329383

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
15. Miranda J. Brady , Christine A. Jenkins *Autistic author. Learn more… , Julie Gamble-Turner , Rachel Moseley *Autistic author. Learn more… , Margaret Janse van Rensburg , Rose Matthews *Autistic author. Learn more… (2024). “A perfect storm”: Autistic experiences of menopause and midlife . Autism, 28(6), 1405-1418. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613241244548 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4394853151

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
16. Farangis Dorani , Denise Bijlenga , Aartjan T.F. Beekman , Eus J.W. van Someren , J.J. Sandra Kooij (2021). Prevalence of hormone-related mood disorder symptoms in women with ADHD . Journal of Psychiatric Research, 133, 10-15. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.12.005 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3107246693

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
17. Siobán D. Harlow , Margery Gass , Janet E. Hall , Roger Lobo , Pauline Maki , Robert W. Rebar et al. (2012). Executive summary of the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop +10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging . Climacteric, 15(2), 105-114. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2011.650656 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2787895246

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
18. Virginia Braun , Victoria Clarke (2022). Conceptual and design thinking for thematic analysis. Qualitative Psychology, 9(1), 3-26. American Psychological Association (APA).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1037/qup0000196 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3154463802

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
19. Susan R. Davis , Irene Lambrinoudaki , Maryann Lumsden , Gita D. Mishra , Lubna Pal , Margaret Rees et al. (2015). Menopause . Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 1(1), 15004-15004. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.4 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4211248975

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
20. Ousseny Zerbo , Yinge Qian , Thomas Ray , Steve Sidney , Steve Rich , Maria L Massolo et al. (2019). Health Care Service Utilization and Cost Among Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders in a U.S. Integrated Health Care System . Autism in Adulthood, 1(1), 27-36. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2018.0004 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2802980590

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
21. Elizabeth Pellicano , Melanie Heyworth *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). The Foundations of Autistic Flourishing . Current Psychiatry Reports, 25(9), 419-427. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01441-9 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4385663119

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars AutiHub · Documentation center Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
22. Sue Fletcher‐Watson , Jonathan Adams *Autistic author. Learn more… , Kabie Brook *Autistic author. Learn more… , Tony Charman , Laura Crane , James Cusack *Autistic author. Learn more… et al. (2019). Making the future together: Shaping autism research through meaningful participation . Autism, 23(4), 943-953. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361318786721 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2807975560

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars AutiHub · Documentation center Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
23. Di Zhao , Chunqin Liu , Xiujuan Feng , Fangyan Hou , Xiaofang Xu , Ping Li (2019). Menopausal symptoms in different substages of perimenopause and their relationships with social support and resilience . Menopause, 26(3), 233-239. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001208 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2895379424

    Crossref OpenAlex
24. Rebecca A. Charlton , Francesca Happé , Alanna J. Shand , Will Mandy , Gavin R. Stewart (2024). Self-reported psychological, somatic and vasomotor symptoms at different stages of the menopause for autistic and non-autistic people . Center for Open Science.

    Type: Preprint DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/pqx85 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4393251340

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
25. J.J.S. Kooij , D. Bijlenga , L. Salerno , R. Jaeschke , I. Bitter , J. Balázs et al. (2019). Updated European Consensus Statement on diagnosis and treatment of adult ADHD . European Psychiatry, 56(1), 14-34. Cambridge University Press (CUP).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.11.001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2901798356

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
26. Yixin Chen , Christine A. Jenkins *Autistic author. Learn more… , Rebecca A. Charlton , Francesca Happé , Will Mandy , Gavin R. Stewart (2026). “Utterly Overwhelming”—A Mixed-Methods Exploration of Sensory Processing Differences and Mental Health Experiences in Middle-Aged and Older Autistic Adults . Autism in Adulthood, 8(2), 175-187. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1089/aut.2024.0031 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4400580685

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
27. Joyce C Harper , Samantha Phillips , Rina Biswakarma , Ephia Yasmin , Ertan Saridogan , Sheila Radhakrishnan et al. (2022). An online survey of perimenopausal women to determine their attitudes and knowledge of the menopause . Women's Health, 18, 17455057221106890-17455057221106890. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/17455057221106890 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4283657358

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
28. Alexandra Leedham , Andrew R. Thompson , Richard Smith , Megan Freeth (2020). ‘I was exhausted trying to figure it out’: The experiences of females receiving an autism diagnosis in middle to late adulthood . Autism, 24(1), 135-146. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319853442 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2947577397

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
29. Hannah Süss , Ulrike Ehlert (2020). Psychological resilience during the perimenopause . Maturitas, 131, 48-56. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.10.015 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2986620908

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
30. Kirsten Corden , Rebecca Brewer , Eilidh Cage (2022). A Systematic Review of Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge, Self-Efficacy and Attitudes Towards Working with Autistic People . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 9(3), 386-399. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-021-00263-w OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3163025874

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
31. Rachel Moseley *Autistic author. Learn more… , Tanya Druce , Julie Gamble-Turner (2020). ‘When my autism broke’: A qualitative study spotlighting autistic voices on menopause . Autism, 24(6), 1423-1437. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/1362361319901184 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3003985604

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
32. Emma Craddock (2024). Raising the voices of AuDHD women and girls: exploring the co-occurring conditions of autism and ADHD . Disability & Society, 39(8), 2161-2165. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1080/09687599.2023.2299342 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4390675231

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
33. Rachel Moseley *Autistic author. Learn more… , Tanya Druce , Julie Gamble-Turner (2021). Autism research is ‘all about the blokes and the kids’: Autistic women breaking the silence on menopause . British Journal of Health Psychology, 26(3), 709-726. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12477 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3090338333

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
34. Barbara DePree , Katherine Houghton , Dana B. DiBenedetti , Aki Shiozawa , Deanna D. King , Janet Kim et al. (2023). Practice patterns and perspectives regarding treatment for symptoms of menopause: qualitative interviews with US health care providers . Menopause, 30(2), 128-135. Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002096 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4318013889

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
35. Ekta Kapoor , Madison Okuno , Virginia M. Miller , Liliana Gazzuola Rocca , Walter A. Rocca , Juliana M. Kling et al. (2021). Association of adverse childhood experiences with menopausal symptoms: Results from the Data Registry on Experiences of Aging, Menopause and Sexuality (DREAMS) . Maturitas, 143, 209-215. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.10.006 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3092928397

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
36. de Visser R. O. (2024). bibr17-27546330241299366 Autism, 1.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
37. Christina A. Metcalf , Rachel L. Johnson , Andrew M. Novick , Ellen W. Freeman , Mary D. Sammel , Laura G. Anthony et al. (2022). Adverse childhood experiences interact with inflammation and menopause transition stage to predict verbal memory in women . Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health, 20, 100411. Elsevier BV.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100411 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4206262570

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
38. Mary Doherty *Autistic author. Learn more… , Stuart Neilson , Jane O’Sullivan , Laura Carravallah *Autistic author. Learn more… , Mona Johnson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Walter Cullen et al. (2022). Barriers to healthcare and self-reported adverse outcomes for autistic adults: a cross-sectional study . BMJ Open, 12(2), e056904. BMJ.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056904 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4213379370

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
39. Dominic A. Trevisan , Termara Parker , James C. McPartland (2021). First-Hand Accounts of Interoceptive Difficulties in Autistic Adults . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 51(10), 3483-3491. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04811-x OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3120884960

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
40. Marianna Karavidas , Richard de Visser (2022). “It's Not Just in My Head, and It's Not Just Irrelevant”: Autistic Negotiations of Menopausal Transitions . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(3), 1143-1155. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05010-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3154308695

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
41. Julien Dubreucq , Romain Coutelle , Mohamed Lajnef , Ophélia Godin , Anouck Amestoy , Paola Atzori et al. (2023). Gender differences in psychosocial function and self-reported health status in late-diagnosed autistic adults: results from the FACE-ASD national cohort . Psychological Medicine, 53(12), 5674-5684. Cambridge University Press (CUP).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002902 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4298086501

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
42. Hannah Gellini , Magda Marczak (2024). “I Always Knew I Was Different”: Experiences of Receiving a Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Adulthood—a Meta-Ethnographic Systematic Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11(3), 620-639. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s40489-023-00356-8 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4321435731

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
43. Annabeth P Groenman , Carolien Torenvliet , Tulsi A Radhoe , Joost A Agelink van Rentergem , Hilde M. Geurts (2022). Menstruation and menopause in autistic adults: Periods of importance? Autism, 26(6), 1563-1572. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613211059721 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W3166746716

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
44. Parisa Ghanouni , Stephanie Quirke (2023). Resilience and Coping Strategies in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 53(1), 456-467. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05436-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4206943117

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
45. Glyde T. (2022). bibr24-27546330241299366 The Lancet Child Adolescent Health, 400(10363), 1578.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
46. Gottardello D. (2024). bibr25-27546330241299366 Maturitas, 108107.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
47. Jeanette Wasserstein , Gerry A Stefanatos , Mary V Solanto (2023). 2 Perimenopause, Menopause and ADHD . Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 29(s1), 881-881. Cambridge University Press (CUP).

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723010846 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4390078245

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
48. David Roy Huang , Abigail Goodship , Iman Webber , Aos Alaa , Eva Riboli Sasco , Benedict Hayhoe et al. (2023). Experience and severity of menopause symptoms and effects on health-seeking behaviours: a cross-sectional online survey of community dwelling adults in the United Kingdom . BMC Women's Health, 23(1), 373-373. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02506-w OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4384340130

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
49. Rachel Grove , Hayley Clapham *Autistic author. Learn more… , Tess Moodie *Autistic author. Learn more… , Sarah Gurrin *Autistic author. Learn more… , Gabrielle Hall *Autistic author. Learn more… (2023). ‘Living in a world that’s not about us’: The impact of everyday life on the health and wellbeing of autistic women and gender diverse people . Women's Health, 19, 17455057231189542-17455057231189542. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/17455057231189542 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4386878456

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
50. Gloria Richard-Davis , Andrea Singer , Deanna D King , Lisa Mattle (2022). Understanding Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors Surrounding Menopause Transition: Results from Three Surveys . Patient Related Outcome Measures, Volume 13, 273-286. Informa UK Limited.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.2147/prom.s375144 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4311393384

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
51. Melanie Muniandy , Amanda L. Richdale , Samuel R. C. Arnold , Julian N Trollor , Lauren P. Lawson (2022). Associations between coping strategies and mental health outcomes in autistic adults . Autism Research, 15(5), 929-944. Wiley.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2694 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4214638186

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
52. Alastair Mcelroy , Elroy Ba (2010). Journal of Clinical Nursing . Journal of Clinical Nursing. Wiley.

    Type: Other DOI: 10.1111/(issn)1365-2702 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4249681388

    OpenAlex
53. Nayra A. Martin-Key , Erin L. Funnell , Benedetta Spadaro , Sabine Bahn (2023). Perceptions of healthcare provision throughout the menopause in the UK: a mixed-methods study . npj Women's Health, 1(1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1038/s44294-023-00002-y OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4389445370

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
54. Sebastian Charles Keith Shaw *Autistic author. Learn more… , Laura Carravallah *Autistic author. Learn more… , Mona Johnson *Autistic author. Learn more… , Jane O’Sullivan , Nicholas Chown *Autistic author. Learn more… , Stuart Neilson et al. (2024). Barriers to healthcare and a ‘triple empathy problem’ may lead to adverse outcomes for autistic adults: A qualitative study . Autism, 28(7), 1746-1757. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613231205629 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4387692103

    AutiHub · Autistic Scholars Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
55. Matthews R. (2024). bibr39-27546330241299366 International Journal of Disability and Social Justice.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
56. Jessica V Smith , Goldie A. McQuaid , Gregory L. Wallace , Emily Neuhaus , Andrea Lopez , Allison B. Ratto et al. (2024). Time is of the essence: Age at autism diagnosis, sex assigned at birth, and psychopathology . Autism, 28(11), 2909-2922. SAGE Publications.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.1177/13623613241249878 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4396808065

    Crossref OpenAlex OpenCitations
57. O'Reilly K. (2022). bibr46-27546330241299366 Journal of Clinical Nursing, 32.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
58. Stenning A. (2024). Narrating the Many Autisms: Identity, Agency, Mattering . Narrating the Many Autisms: Identity, Agency, Mattering.

    Type: Other

    Crossref
59. (2024). International Journal of DISABILITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE . International Journal of Disability and Social Justice, 4(3). Pluto Journals.

    Type: Article DOI: 10.13169/intljofdissocjus.4.3.0001 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W4405482824

    OpenAlex