Beyond the “service cliff”: experiences of an inclusive postschool transition program for autistic youth with intellectual disability

This publication is included in the Autistic Autism Scholarship Project. one author of this publication is identified as autistic in the project.

About the autistic author marker

Edwards, C., Cai, R. Y., Love, A., White, L. M., Harris, K., Brooker, K., Kendall, E., & gibbs, v. (2025). Beyond the “service cliff”: experiences of an inclusive postschool transition program for autistic youth with intellectual disability. Advances in Autism, 11(4), 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1108/aia-06-2025-0053

Journal or book title
Advances in Autism
Publisher
Emerald
Volume
11
Issue
4
Pages
385-399
Publication date: 16 Sep 2025 Added to AutiHub: 5 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English

This publication is integrated into AutiHub through:

Authors

Publication authors
8
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 8 (12.5%)

Abstract

Purpose Autistic youth with intellectual disability (ID) are underrepresented in transition research and services, particularly in programs that prioritize social inclusion, emotional wellbeing and autonomy. This study explores stakeholder experiences of Campus Life, an inclusive, postschool transition program designed specifically for autistic youth with ID. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study drew on multiple stakeholder perspectives. Accessible, visually supported surveys were completed by four autistic participants. Survey data from participants were analyzed descriptively to capture their priorities at program entry. In-depth interviews were conducted with six parents, and eight staff participated in focus groups or individual interviews. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to generate key themes across parent and staff data. Findings Participant surveys revealed interest in friendship and enjoyable activities, with more varied interest in work or further learning. Thematic analysis of parent and staff data generated four themes: (1) a supportive and structured environment, (2) growing into independence, (3) finding confidence in connection and (4) uncertain future access to a valued opportunity. Stakeholders perceived Campus Life as promoting psychological safety, social growth and autonomy in ways not commonly achieved through traditional employment-focused models. Originality/value This is one of the few studies to foreground the experiences of autistic youth with ID within a postschool transition program. It highlights the importance of holistic, person-centered supports that extend beyond employment to address broader developmental and social goals. The findings support rethinking what successful transition can look like for this population.

Bibliography cited by this reference

Cited references are imported from external metadata sources when they are available. The list may be partial.

Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 2 Oct 2026 17:07.

Cited references
37
With a DOI
37
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
0
5 / 37 (13.5%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
0 / 37 (0.0%)
References with detected author names
37 / 37 (100.0%)
Without detected author names
0
Without a structured title
0
Without a stable identifier
0
References with raw author names still to review
0
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
228
From DOI or external metadata
228
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
0
85 / 228 (37.3%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 143 / 228 (62.7%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
14 / 228 (6.1%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 14 / 85 (16.5%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 12 / 203 (5.9%).
  1. Ru Ying Cai , Amanda Richdale (2016). Educational Experiences and Needs of Higher Education Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(1), 31-41. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  2. Kristy A. Anderson , Collette Sosnowy , Alice A. Kuo , Paul Shattuck (2018). Transition of Individuals With Autism to Adulthood: A Review of Qualitative Studies . Pediatrics, 141(Supplement_4), S318-S327. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
    Crossref OpenAlex
  3. Jeffrey Jensen Arnett (2014). Emerging Adulthood . Oxford University PressNew York.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  4. Nancy Cheak-Zamora , Michelle Teti , Jennifer First (2015). ‘Transitions are Scary for our Kids, and They're Scary for us’: Family Member and Youth Perspectives on the Challenges of Transitioning to Adulthood with Autism . Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 28(6), 548-560. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  5. Melissa H. Black , Rebecca Kuzminski , Jing Wang , Jessica Ang , Cheryl Lee , Siti Hafidzuddin et al. (2024). Experiences of Friendships for Individuals on the Autism Spectrum: A Scoping Review . Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 11(1), 184-209. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  6. Virginia Braun , Victoria Clarke (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology . Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  7. Virginia Braun , Victoria Clarke , Nikki Hayfield , Gareth Terry (2019). Thematic Analysis . In Handbook of research methods in health social sciences (pp. 843-860). Springer Singapore.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  8. K. Dunn , E. Rydzewska , C. MacIntyre , J. Rintoul , Sally-Ann Cooper (2019). The prevalence and general health status of people with intellectual disabilities and autism co‐occurring together: a total population study . Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 63(4), 277-285. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  9. Paul Wehman , Carol Schall , Jennifer McDonough , Adam Sima , Alissa Brooke , Whitney Ham et al. (2020). Competitive Employment for Transition-Aged Youth with Significant Impact from Autism: A Multi-site Randomized Clinical Trial . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(6), 1882-1897. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  10. Ginny Russell , Will Mandy , Daisy Elliott , Rhianna White , Tom Pittwood , Tamsin Ford (2019). Selection bias on intellectual ability in autism research: a cross-sectional review and meta-analysis . Molecular Autism, 10(1), 9. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  11. Deborah L. Christensen , Matthew J. Maenner , Deborah Bilder , John N. Constantino , Julie Daniels , Maureen S. Durkin et al. (2019). Prevalence and Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 4 Years — Early Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, Seven Sites, United States, 2010, 2012, and 2014 . MMWR. Surveillance Summaries, 68(2), 1-19. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  12. Jina Chun , Hung Jen Kuo , Sarah L. Curtiss , Gloria K. Lee , Heekyung Lee , Jorem Awadu (2023). The interplay of supports and barriers during the transition to adulthood for youth on the autism spectrum . Disability and Rehabilitation, 45(18), 2879-2889. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  13. Daniel J. Laxman , Julie Lounds Taylor , Leann Smith DaWalt , Jan S. Greenberg , Marsha R. Mailick (2019). Loss in services precedes high school exit for teens with autism spectrum disorder: A longitudinal study . Autism Research, 12(6), 911-921. Wiley.
    Type: Article DOI: 10.1002/aur.2113 OpenAlex: https://openalex.org/W2943778318
    Crossref OpenAlex
  14. Jon Codd , Olivia Hewitt (2021). Having a son or daughter with an intellectual disability transition to adulthood: A parental perspective . British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 49(1), 39-51. Wiley.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  15. Amy Jane Griffiths , Cristina M. Giannantonio , Amy E. Hurley Hanson , Donald N. Cardinal (2016). Autism in the Workplace: Assessing the Transition Needs of Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder . J. of Business and Management, 22(1), 5-22. Inderscience Publishers.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  16. Sarah L. Curtiss , Gloria K. Lee , Jina Chun , Heekyung Lee , Hung Jen Kuo , Danielle Ami-Narh (2021). Autistic Young Adults’, Parents’, and Practitioners’ Expectations of the Transition to Adulthood . Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 44(3), 174-185. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  17. Holly N Whittenburg , Carol Schall , Paul Wehman , Jennifer McDonough , Thomas DuBois (2020). Helping High School-Aged Military Dependents With Autism Gain Employment Through Project SEARCH + ASD Supports . Military Medicine, 185(Supplement_1), 663-668. Oxford University Press (OUP).
    Crossref OpenAlex
  18. Matthew J. Maenner , Kelly A. Shaw , Jon Baio , EdS1 , Anita Washington , Mary Patrick et al. (2020). Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years—Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2016 . Mmwr Surveillance Summaries, 69(4), 1-12. Centers for Disease Control MMWR Office.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  19. Jasin Wong , Ellen S. Cohn , Wendy J. Coster , Gael I. Orsmond (2020). “Success Doesn’t Happen in a Traditional Way”: Experiences of school personnel who provide employment preparation for youth with autism spectrum disorder . Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 77, 101631. Elsevier BV.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  20. Karen J. Ishler , David E. Biegel , Fei Wang , Tugba Olgac , Sarah Lytle , Stacy Miner et al. (2022). Service Use Among Transition-Age Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(3), 1051-1065. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  21. Anna Melissa Romualdez , Katie Yirrell , Anna Remington (2020). Exploring Participants’ Views on a Supported Work Internship Program for Autistic and Learning Disabled Young People . International Journal of Disability Management, 15. Cambridge University Press (CUP).
    Crossref OpenAlex
  22. Vahe Khachadourian , Behrang Mahjani , Sven Sandin , Alexander Kolevzon , Joseph D. Buxbaum , Abraham Reichenberg et al. (2023). Comorbidities in autism spectrum disorder and their etiologies . Translational Psychiatry, 13(1), 71. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  23. Heekyung Lee , Gloria K. Lee , Jina Chun , Hung-Jen Kuo , Sarah L. Curtiss , Christiana Okyere (2023). Perspectives of Autistic Emerging Adults, Parents, and Practitioners on the Transition to Adulthood . Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(3), 938-950. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  24. Audrey Thurm , Alycia Halladay , DAVID S. MANDELL , Melissa Maye , Sarah Ethridge , Cristan Farmer (2022). Making Research Possible: Barriers and Solutions For Those With ASD and ID . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(10), 4646-4650. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  25. Yosheen Pillay , Charlotte Brownlow , Sonja March (2022). Transition approaches for autistic young adults: A case series study . PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0267942. Public Library of Science (PLoS).
    Crossref OpenAlex
  26. Viviann Nordin , Maud Palmgren , Anna Lindbladh , Sven Bölte , Ulf Jönsson (2024). School absenteeism in autistic children and adolescents: A scoping review . Autism, 28(7), 1622-1637. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  27. Anne M. Roux , Jessica Rast , Kristy A. Anderson , Julianna A Rava , Paul Shuttuck (2015). Transition into Young Adulthood: National Autism Indicators Report . National autism indicators report: Transition into young adulthood. A.J. Drexel Autism Institute.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  28. Connie Sung , Marisa H. Fisher , Christiana Okyere , Jiyoon Park , Heerak Choi (2023). Employment outcomes and support needs of Michigan Project SEARCH graduates with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A mixed-method study . Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 59(3), 233-249. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  29. Anne C. Sullivan , Asha K. Vas , Wendi L. Johnson (2026). Transition to Adulthood: Executive Functions and Independent Living Skills in Autistic Young Adults . Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 40(1), 154-175. Informa UK Limited.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  30. Samara Wolpe , Amanda R. Johnson , Sunny Kim (2025). Navigating the Transition to Adulthood: Insights from Caregivers of Autistic Individuals . Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 55(1), 166-180. Springer Science and Business Media LLC.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  31. Louise Maree White , Dawn Adams , Kate Simpson , Stephanie Malone (2025). Transitioning on from Secondary School for Autistic Students: A Systematic Review . Autism in Adulthood, 7(4), 386-402. SAGE Publications.
    Crossref OpenAlex
  32. Louise Maree White , Kate Simpson , Stephanie Malone , Dawn Adams (2024). Autistic Adults’ Reflections on What Supported Their Transitioning from Secondary School . Education Sciences, 14(6), 576. MDPI AG.
    Crossref OpenAlex