Autism interventions designed or adapted for the Black/African American population: A systematic review

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Davis, A. M., Burks-Abbott, G., Merecias, O., & Swenor, B. K. (2024). Autism interventions designed or adapted for the Black/African American population: A systematic review. Autism, 29(1), 26-40. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241259910

Publication date: 23 Jun 2024 Added to AutiHub: 14 Sep 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
4
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 4 (25.0%)
  1. Amber M Davis
  2. Gyasi Burks-Abbott *
  3. Octaviano Merecias
  4. Bonnie K Swenor

Abstract

The needs of the Black/African American population in the United States have historically been neglected in research, including in the development of therapies and services to support people with autism. The scope of interventions to support autistic people that are designed or adapted to be culturally responsive to the Black American population is not known. The state of these interventions systematically addressing cultural factors is also underexplored. The present systematic review examined the research evidence of autism interventions either designed or adapted for Black persons in the United States. The search did not have a specific date range but identified literature starting in 1999, and the search ended in 2023. A total of eight studies were identified and reviewed: Four were interventions designed specifically for the Black autistic population, one was an adapted intervention, and three were interventions evaluated with a Black autistic sample. To evaluate these studies, we used the Cultural Adaptation Checklist and found that few autism interventions are systematically adapted for Black individuals. Autism researchers that have engaged the Black autistic population or their families have been thoughtful in ways of engaging; however, there was no universal framework that drove development or adaptation efforts of these interventions. The development of more culturally responsive autism interventions (i.e. adapted evidence-based interventions) for the Black population offers promise for more equitable autism practices. Lay abstract Black/African American people in the United States who have a diagnosis of autism often experience service-related disparities, including not having the same access to high-quality autism and related care (e.g. behavioral interventions), and are less likely to have sustained treatment engagement across their lifespan. While interventions to support autistic people are typically designed to be universal, there is concern that these interventions not being tailored to the Black/African American population could reduce the overall impact due to a lack of responsiveness to the needs of the Black children or families who receive the intervention. The current systematic review summarized research on interventions developed for the Black autism community, including Black children with autism and their caregivers. After a comprehensive, systematic search, eight peer-reviewed publications were identified that met the study’s inclusion criteria. The majority of the interventions were tailored to Black caregivers of children with autism. Autism researchers demonstrate different strategies for engaging Black caregivers in culturally responsive ways; however, more research into these interventions is needed in order to assess their effectiveness. In addition, there are still limited interventions adapted to be culturally responsive to Black/African American autistic people. The Cultural Adaptation Checklist framework is a novel approach with promise to become the standard for adapting interventions to meet the needs of culturally diverse groups. Cultural responsiveness is an important facet in the development of interventions that produce optimal outcomes for the range of diversity in the United States and is an important step to achieving equitable autism research practices.

Bibliography cited by this reference

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Cited bibliography overview

These indicators describe the bibliography cited by this publication. An author name is counted each time it appears in one cited reference, so the same person can be counted more than once. Names not yet linked to an author already present in AutiHub are treated as unknown, not as non-autistic. Last computed: 20 Sep 2026 01:01.

Cited references
82
With a DOI
75
Without a DOI, from raw bibliography text
6
2 / 82 (2.4%) cited references include at least one author identified as autistic.
References with data to complete
5 / 82 (6.1%)
References with detected author names
80 / 82 (97.6%)
Without detected author names
2
Without a structured title
5
Without a stable identifier
6
References with raw author names still to review
2
References with external metadata lookup issues
0
These indicators apply to cited references displayed on this page, after technical duplicates have been merged. A reference without a DOI can still support author statistics when a title and author names are available.
Author names detected in the cited bibliography
369
From DOI or external metadata
369
From validated raw bibliography text
0
Raw names already validated
0
Raw names still to review
2
51 / 369 (13.8%) names are linked to an author already present in AutiHub. 318 / 369 (86.2%) names are not yet linked.
Names linked to a person identified as autistic
2 / 369 (0.5%)
Calculated across all author names detected in the cited bibliography. Among names linked to an author already present in AutiHub: 2 / 51 (3.9%). Distinct people identified as autistic: 2 / 353 (0.6%).
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