Autism, Obesity, and PTSD Among Adolescents and Young Adults: An Analysis of National Medicaid Claims Data

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Hotez, E., Tsevat, R. K., Tao, S., Phan, J. M., Smith, P. E. M., Shen, T., Ventimiglia, J., Rivera, L. U., Kissner, H., Croen, L. A., & Shea, L. (2025). Autism, Obesity, and PTSD Among Adolescents and Young Adults: An Analysis of National Medicaid Claims Data. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-025-06881-1

Publication date: 17 May 2025 Added to AutiHub: 6 Jul 2026 Type: Article Article language: English
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Authors

Publication authors
11
Publication authors identified as autistic
1 / 11 (9.1%)
  1. Emily Hotez
  2. Rebecca K. Tsevat
  3. Sha Tao
  4. Jenny Mai Phan *
  1. Phil E M Smith
  2. Tammy Shen
  3. Jonas Ventimiglia
  4. L. Urrego Rivera
  1. Hailey Kissner
  2. Lisa A. Croen
  3. Lindsay Shea

Abstract

Autistic individuals disproportionately experience obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and a range of other adverse health outcomes, relative to both the general population and those with other developmental conditions. These individuals also disproportionately experience Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Many of these conditions emerge during adolescence and young adulthood (age 15-30). This study analyzed Medicaid claims data (2008-2019) from autistic (n = 627,586; M age = 17.15 [3.55]) and non-autistic (n = 1,223,161; M age 19.35 [4.56]) adolescent and young adults. Using logistic regression and adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, this study: (1) evaluated associations between the presence of autism, obesity, and other health co-morbidities using the Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Hope Comorbidity Index; and (2) tested PTSD as a moderator in these associations. Compared with non-autistic beneficiaries, autistic beneficiaries demonstrated 2.12 (95% CI: 2.09, 2.15) and 2.12 (95% CI: 2.09, 2.16) times the odds of having obesity and other health comorbidities, respectively. PTSD moderated these associations such that autism status was more strongly associated with obesity and health co-morbidities among those without a PTSD diagnosis compared to those with a PTSD diagnosis. Autistic adolescents and young adults experience higher rates of obesity, health co-morbidities, and PTSD relative to their non-autistic counterparts. Future work is needed to explore measurement of stress and trauma beyond PTSD diagnoses and elucidate the precise association between stress and trauma with adverse health outcomes in this population.

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Cited references
99
Total cited references integrated for this publication.
Cited references with an identified autistic author
4 / 99 (4.0%)
Cited author occurrences identified as autistic
4 / 459 (0.9%)
Among occurrences linked to AutiHub author records: 4 / 72 (5.6%). Distinct cited authors identified as autistic: 3 / 430 (0.7%).
Cited author occurrences linked to AutiHub author records
72 / 459 (15.7%)
Distinct linked cited authors: 55 / 430 (12.8%)
Linked cited-author occurrences not identified as autistic
68 / 72 (94.4%)
Among linked cited-author occurrences only. Across all cited-author occurrences: 68 / 459 (14.8%). Distinct linked cited authors not identified as autistic: 52 / 55 (94.5%).
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