Attention visuelle aux visages chez les enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l'autisme : existe-t-il des différences selon le sexe ?

Titre original en anglais : Visual attention to faces in children with autism spectrum disorder: are there sex differences?

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Harrop, C., Jones, D., Zheng, S., Nowell, S. W., Schultz, R., & Parish-Morris, J. (2019). Visual attention to faces in children with autism spectrum disorder: are there sex differences? Molecular Autism, 10(1), Article 28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0276-2

Date de publication: 28/06/2019 Ajout dans AutiHub: 23/10/2026 Type: Article Langue de l’article: Anglais
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Auteurs

Auteur·ices des publications
6
Auteur·ices de la publication identifié·es comme autistes
1 / 6 (16,7 %)
  1. Clare Harrop
  2. Desiree Jones *
  3. Shuting Zheng
  1. Sallie W. Nowell
  2. Robert Schultz
  3. Julia Parish-Morris

Résumé

CONTEXTE : La prédominance masculine dans les diagnostics de trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) est bien documentée. Par conséquent, le phénotype féminin du TSA est moins bien connu. Des recherches récentes suggèrent que les conclusions tirées d'échantillons majoritairement masculins pourraient ne pas refléter avec précision le comportement des femmes. Dans cette étude, nous examinons les différences potentielles selon le sexe dans l'attention portée aux stimuli sociaux, dont il est généralement rapporté qu'elle est diminuée dans le TSA. Des différences selon le sexe, dans la population générale, concernant l'attention portée aux visages ont été rapportées : les femmes au développement typique (DT) accordent davantage d'attention aux stimuli sociaux, y compris les visages, de la petite enfance à l'âge adulte que les hommes DT. On ignore encore si les différences selon le sexe observées dans la population générale dans le domaine des visages sont préservées dans le TSA. MÉTHODES : Un paradigme dynamique et naturaliste de suivi oculaire infrarouge a mesuré l'attention portée aux stimuli sociaux (visages) chez 74 garçons et filles d'âge scolaire avec TSA (hommes N = 23 ; femmes N = 19) et sans TSA (hommes N = 16 ; femmes N = 16). Deux types de stimuli vidéo, différant par leur contenu social, ont été présentés : des scènes sociales riches (jeu dyadique entre deux enfants) et des scènes sociales pauvres (jeu parallèle de deux enfants). RÉSULTATS : Les résultats ont révélé une interaction significative à trois facteurs entre le sexe, le diagnostic et la condition après contrôle de l'âge chronologique et de l'âge mental. Les femmes avec TSA accordaient davantage d'attention aux visages que les hommes avec TSA dans la condition socialement pauvre. Cet effet n'a pas été observé dans le groupe au développement typique (DT). Les hommes avec TSA accordaient moins d'attention aux visages indépendamment du contexte social ; toutefois, les femmes avec TSA n'accordaient significativement moins d'attention aux visages que les femmes DT que dans la condition socialement riche. Les hommes DT et les femmes avec TSA ne différaient pas quant à leur attention portée aux visages dans l'une ou l'autre condition. CONCLUSIONS : Cette étude a des implications quant à la manière dont le domaine comprend les déficits sociaux fondamentaux chez les enfants avec TSA, qui devraient idéalement être évalués par rapport à des pairs du même sexe (masculin et féminin). L'attention sociale chez les femmes avec TSA se situait sur un continuum : supérieure à celle de leurs pairs masculins avec TSA, mais moins élevée que celle des femmes DT. Dans l'ensemble, leur attention sociale reflétait celle des hommes DT. Une meilleure compréhension du phénotype social féminin dans le TSA améliorera les efforts de dépistage précoce et de diagnostic et guidera l'élaboration de paradigmes expérimentaux sensibles au sexe et d'interventions sociales.

BACKGROUND: The male bias in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses is well documented. As a result, less is known about the female ASD phenotype. Recent research suggests that conclusions drawn from predominantly male samples may not accurately capture female behavior. In this study, we explore potential sex differences in attention to social stimuli, which is generally reported to be diminished in ASD. Population-based sex differences in attention to faces have been reported, such that typically developing (TD) females attend more to social stimuli (including faces) from infancy through adulthood than TD males. It is yet unknown whether population-based sex differences in the face domain are preserved in ASD. METHODS: A dynamic, naturalistic infrared eye-tracking paradigm measured attention to social stimuli (faces) in 74 school-aged males and females with ASD (male N = 23; female N = 19) and without ASD (male N = 16; female N = 16). Two kinds of video stimuli were presented that varied in social content: rich social scenes (dyadic play between two children) and lean social scenes (parallel play by two children). RESULTS: Results revealed a significant 3-way interaction between sex, diagnosis, and condition after controlling for chronological and mental age. ASD females attended more to faces than ASD males in the socially lean condition. This effect was not found in the typically developing (TD) group. ASD males attended less to faces regardless of social context; however, ASD females only attended significantly less to faces compared to TD females in the socially rich condition. TD males and ASD females did not differ in their attention to faces in either condition. CONCLUSIONS: This study has implications for how the field understands core social deficits in children with ASD, which should ideally be benchmarked against same-sex peers (male and female). Social attention in ASD females fell on a continuum-greater than their ASD male peers, but not as great as TD females. Overall, their social attention mirrored that of TD males. Improved understanding of the female social phenotype in ASD will enhance early screening and diagnostic efforts and will guide the development of sex-sensitive experimental paradigms and social interventions.

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Références citées
70
Avec un DOI
63
Sans DOI, à partir du texte brut de la bibliographie
7
2 / 70 (2,9 %) références citées comprennent au moins une personne identifiée comme autiste.
Références avec données à compléter
1 / 70 (1,4 %)
Références avec noms d’auteurices détectés
69 / 70 (98,6 %)
Sans nom d’auteurice détecté
1
Sans titre structuré
1
Sans identifiant stable
7
Références avec noms bruts d’auteurices restant à vérifier
1
Références avec problème de récupération des métadonnées externes
1
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Noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée
298
À partir du DOI ou de métadonnées externes
298
À partir du texte brut validé de la bibliographie
0
Noms bruts déjà validés
0
Noms bruts restant à vérifier
1
116 / 298 (38,9 %) noms sont associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub. 182 / 298 (61,1 %) noms ne sont pas encore associés.
Noms associés à une personne identifiée comme autiste
2 / 298 (0,7 %)
Calculé sur l’ensemble des noms d’auteurices détectés dans la bibliographie citée. Parmi les noms associés à un·e auteurice déjà présent·e dans AutiHub : 2 / 116 (1,7 %). Personnes distinctes identifiées comme autistes : 1 / 239 (0,4 %).
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